Mechanical behavior and particle breakage of calcareous sand in triaxial test

Lyu, Haibo; Gu, Jianxiao; Zhou, Jianrong; Li, Bo

doi:10.1007/s11001-023-09525-0

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This suggests that particle breakage governs the mechanical behavior of both tested specimens after reaching the (σ 1 − σ 3 ) max in the CU triaxial test. Moreover, it is evident that higher confining pressures lead to easier particle breakage, as reported by Coop [3] and Lyu et al [38].…”

Section: Impact Of Confining Pressure On Mechanical Behavior Responsesupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Pa represents the value of one atmospheric pressure. The E 50 value of the stabilized specimen ranged from 1 to 320, which is higher than that of loose calcareous sand (ranging from 1 to 110, as reported by Lyu et al [38]). This variation depends on the intrinsic properties of calcareous sand, such as inner voids, mineral constituents, proportions, particle sizing, as well as factors like gel material content, gel material type, mean stress value, and curing period, as presented in Table 1 and Figure 7b.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Stabilized Specimenssupporting

confidence: 44%

“…These stringent selection criteria were enforced to ensure the precision and dependability of the test outcomes. The preparation steps of loose calcareous sand are introduced in detail by Lyu et al [ 38 ] and Wang et al [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strain rate was set at 0.2 mm/min to eliminate any potential creep effects [ 15 , 45 , 56 ]. For the loose calcareous sand, the test process of the triaxial test was previously described thoroughly by the authors (Lyu et al, [ 38 ]). Table 4 shows the experimental program of triaxial undrained tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity of Calcareous Sands through Gel Stabilization: A Mechanical and Material Characterization Study

Gu,

Lyu,

et al. 2024

Gels

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Calcareous sands often display wide ring grain configurations, high intragranular porosity, a complex structure, and low grain hardness. These attributes typically do not meet the strength criteria necessary to sustain overlying infrastructure in civil engineering applications. This study investigates gel stabilization techniques, blending gel material with calcareous sand at concentrations ranging from 5% to 22%, followed by curing periods of 3 to 28 days to evaluate the load-bearing capacity. Subsequently, an unconfined compressive test is performed to determine the gel material content in stabilized specimens and investigate the influence of gel material types. The gel material-to-sand ratios employed are set at 5%, 10%, and 16% for Portland cement and 13%, 16%, and 22% for gypsum. After that, a triaxial consolidated undrained test is conducted to assess mechanical behavior, pore water pressure, and mechanical properties. The findings reveal increased dilation, stress–strain hardening, and softening post-yield, regardless of gel material type. Principal stress ratios, secant modulus, and cohesion show a positive correlation with maintenance duration and binder content, with implications for improved load-bearing capacity. The study also elucidates the qualitative relationship between secant modulus E50 and confining pressure.

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Section: Impact Of Confining Pressure On Mechanical Behavior Responsesupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Stabilized Specimenssupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity of Calcareous Sands through Gel Stabilization: A Mechanical and Material Characterization Study

Gu,

Lyu,

et al. 2024

Gels

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“…Calcareous sand is different from siliceous sand and characterized by a high porosity ratio [5,6], prominent edges [7,8] and easy breakage [9,10]. Its engineering mechanical properties are so complex and special that the research results of and engineering experience with traditional soil materials cannot be directly applied to calcareous sand [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pile Driving and the Setup Effect and Underlying Mechanism for Different Pile Types in Calcareous Sand Foundations

Gao,

Guo,

Yuan

2024

JMSE

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The mechanical response and deformation characteristics in calcareous sand foundations during pile driving and setup were studied using model tests combined with the technical methods of tactile pressure sensors and close-range photogrammetry. Different types of piles were considered, including a pipe pile, square pile and semi-closed steel pipe pile. The test results show that during pile driving, the pile tip resistance of different piles increases with an increase in the pile insertion depth, and an obvious fluctuation is also obtained due to the particle breakage of the calcareous sand and energy dissipation. Different degrees of particle breakage generated by different type piles make the internal stress variations different, as with the pile tip resistance. The pile tip resistance of model pile A, which simulates a pipe pile, is the highest, followed by model pile B, the simulated square pile. Model pile C, which simulates a semi-closed steel pipe pile, has the smallest pile tip resistance because its particle breakage is the most obvious and the pile tip energy cannot be continuously accumulated. The induced deformation such as sag or uplift on the surface and the associated influence range for the calcareous sand foundation are the smallest for model pile C, followed by model pile B and then model pile A. Model pile A has the most obvious pile driving effect. During the pile setup process after piling, the increase in the total internal stress of model pile B is the largest, and the improvement of the potential bearing capacity is the most obvious, followed by model pile A and model pile C. During the pile setup, the induced uplift deformation in pile driving is recovered and the potential bearing capacity increases due the redistribution and uniformity of the vertical and radial stress distributions in the calcareous sand foundation. Considering the potential bearing capacity of different model piles, the influence range of pile driving, foundation deformation and the pile setup effect, it is suggested to use a pointed square pile corresponding to model pile B in pile engineering in calcareous sand foundations.

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Assessment of mechanical behavior and failure criteria under varied confining pressures in treated calcareous sand

Gu,

Lyu,

et al. 2024

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment

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Mechanical behavior and particle breakage of calcareous sand in triaxial test

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity of Calcareous Sands through Gel Stabilization: A Mechanical and Material Characterization Study

Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity of Calcareous Sands through Gel Stabilization: A Mechanical and Material Characterization Study

Pile Driving and the Setup Effect and Underlying Mechanism for Different Pile Types in Calcareous Sand Foundations

Assessment of mechanical behavior and failure criteria under varied confining pressures in treated calcareous sand

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