Mechanical behavior of biomimetic oriented cell sheets from a perspective of living materials

Xu, Wei; Chen, Shuangshuang; Yao, Mengting; Lu, Qinghua

doi:10.1039/d2bm00302c

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Noteworthy observations indicate that a majority of biological tissue grafts lack the required stiffness for optimal vascular support. 80,84,85,88 Synthetic polymer fibers, as evidenced by data from numerous fiber-based grafts, tend to exhibit greater stiffness than vascular tissues, while natural materials and gels often demonstrate excessive softness. 128,134,135,137,142,143,162,164 Certain grafts with comparable elastic moduli experience uncontrolled fiber bending, resulting in either excessively long or short toe regions, thereby impeding their capacity to meet the essential criteria for mimicking natural blood vessels.…”

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(B) Patterned cell sheets subjected to structured treatment exhibit nonlinear elasticity, with higher moduli observed under elevated strains. Reprinted with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Nonlinear Elasticity Of Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gökçinar-Yagci et al developed a cell sheet vascular graft that closely mimicked the three-layer structure of blood vessels, although the mechanical properties of their product were not explicitly demonstrated . Xu W et al summarized the patterned cell sheet technology, which enables control over the structure of cell sheets through the morphology of the cell growth substrate, leading to the fabrication of vascular grafts with nonlinear elasticity and anisotropic mechanical behaviors (Figure A, B). − …”

Section: Nonlinear Elasticity Of Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Elasticity of Blood Vessels and Vascular Grafts

Wang,

Li,

Yuan

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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The transplantation of vascular grafts has emerged as a prevailing approach to address vascular disorders. However, the development of small-diameter vascular grafts is still in progress, as they serve in a more complicated mechanical environment than their counterparts with larger diameters. The biocompatibility and functional characteristics of small-diameter vascular grafts have been well developed; however, mismatch in mechanical properties between the vascular grafts and native arteries has not been accomplished, which might facilitate the long-term patency of small-diameter vascular grafts. From a point of view in mechanics, mimicking the nonlinear elastic mechanical behavior exhibited by natural blood vessels might be the state-of-the-art in designing vascular grafts. This review centers on elucidating the nonlinear elastic behavior of natural blood vessels and vascular grafts. The biological functionality and limitations associated with as-reported vascular grafts are meticulously reviewed and the future trajectory for fabricating biomimetic small-diameter grafts is discussed. This review might provide a different insight from the traditional design and fabrication of artificial vascular grafts.

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Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonlinear Elasticity Of Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonlinear Elasticity Of Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Elasticity of Blood Vessels and Vascular Grafts

Wang,

Li,

Yuan

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…The patterned collagen layer supported cell-aligned growth until a continuous cylindrical cell monolayer was naturally formed. The collagen layer was then dissociated in the culture medium through a thermal phase transition (≥42 °C) upon NIR irradiation. − As a result, a naturally formed and well-aligned TCS was harvested with the help of traction stress. The TCSs showed excellent self-supporting capacity, which was useful for subsequent tube manipulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Preparation of a Multilayer Tubular Cell Sheet with Well-Aligned Cells in Different Layers to Simulate Native Arteries

Yao

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Compared with artificial vascular grafts, bottom-up tubular cell sheets (TCSs) without scaffolds have shown promise for patients with cardiovascular disease. However, TCS therapy also faces the challenges of lengthy maturation time, elaborate operation, and weak mechanical strength. In this work, a structured small-diameter vascular graft (SDVG), consisting of three layers of TCSs, with different cell types and arrangements, was fabricated using layer-by-layer assembly of naturally formed TCSs and further cell culture. To this end, a surface-patterned collagen-coated cylindrical substrate was designed for the efficient harvesting of naturally formed and well-aligned TCSs. The patterned collagen (type I) layer facilitated the adhesion and orientation of cells, and a continuous tubular cell monolayer was naturally formed after approximately 4 days in cell culture. Biocompatible near-infrared (NIR) light was used to trigger the photothermal phase transition of the collagen coated on the cylindrical substrate to dissociate the collagen layer. As a result, an intact TCS could be harvested within a few minutes. These naturally formed and well-aligned TCSs exhibited outstanding free-standing performance without rugosity, facilitating their operability and practical application. A ring tensile test showed that orientation was critical for improving the mechanical properties of TCSs. The layer-by-layer assembly of SDVGs not only is easy to manipulate and has a short preparation time but also overcomes the bottleneck of forming a hierarchically structured vascular graft. This approach shows promise for repairing damaged blood vessels.

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“…Despite great advances, cell sheet engineering is facing some great challenges, such as distorted cellular organization . These prepared cell sheets are featured with randomly cellular distributions, which are far from the real organizations in the natural tissues. − Tissues such as muscles, bones, blood vessels, and myocardial muscles present highly aligned multiscale structures. The good alignment of myoblasts is a key factor in the formation of myotubes. , Similarly, myocardial cells are oriented to support the rapid conduction of an action potential and form heart-rate synchronization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Tissue-Imprinted Biointerface for the Topographical Education of a Biomimetic Cell Sheet

Yao¹,

Meng³

et al. 2022

Langmuir

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Cell sheet engineering as a cell-based scaffold-free therapy is promising in tissue engineering, allowing precise transforming treatments for various tissue damage. However, the current cutting-edge techniques are still hampered by the difficulty in mimicking the natural tissue organizations and the corresponding physiological functions. In this work, cell-imprinting technology using the natural tissue as a template was proposed to rationally educate the cellular alignment in the cell sheet. Through this technique, we obtained temporary templates with morphological structure complementary to native tissues and then directly transferred the structure on the template to the collagen layer on a photothermally convertible substrate by secondary imprinting replication. The resultant biomimetic interface was used for cell culture and release to obtain a cell sheet with a texture similar to the natural tissue morphology. Different from conventional photolithography, the natural tissue-imprinted biointerface guides the geometry of cell sheets in the way of natural principles instead of stereotyped or overuniform cell organization. Simultaneously, a near-infrared laser (NIR) was used to irradiate the photothermally responsive substrate to obtain complete cell sheets efficiently and nondestructively. The natural tissue-educated myocardium cell sheets exhibited good physiological activity and biomimetic biofunctions, such as mechanical properties and physiological performances. This approach might open an inspiring prospect in regenerative medicine and offer a new approach to realizing the biomimetic tissue construction.

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Mechanical behavior of biomimetic oriented cell sheets from a perspective of living materials

Abstract: When compared to random cell organization, cell sheets with well-organized cell orientation are similar to natural tissues exhibiting better mechanical strength. Furthermore, as living materials, the mechanical strength of cell...

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Nonlinear Elasticity of Blood Vessels and Vascular Grafts

Nonlinear Elasticity of Blood Vessels and Vascular Grafts

Precise Preparation of a Multilayer Tubular Cell Sheet with Well-Aligned Cells in Different Layers to Simulate Native Arteries

Natural Tissue-Imprinted Biointerface for the Topographical Education of a Biomimetic Cell Sheet

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