Mechanical Behavior of Liquid Nitrile Rubber-Modified Epoxy Resin under Static and Dynamic Loadings: Experimental and Constitutive Analysis

Xu, Xiayu; Gao, Shiqiao; Ou, Zhuo-Cheng; Ye, Haifu

doi:10.3390/ma11091565

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The dynamic mechanical behavior of polymers can be described by applying the ZWT constitutive model [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The ZWT model is a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation that can describe the mechanical properties of polymers within the range of viscoelastic deformation.…”

Section: Constitutive Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and a Constitutive Model of 3D-Printed Copper Powder-Filled PLA Material

Wang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Three-dimensional printing is becoming increasingly popular because of its extensive applicability. However, printing materials remain limited. To determine the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and copper powder-filled polylactic acid (PLA-Cu) materials subjected to static and dynamic loading, stress–strain curves were obtained under the conditions of different strain rates using a universal material testing machine and a separated Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the micro-morphology of the quasi-static compression fracture and dynamic impact sections. The results revealed that the yield stress and elastic modulus of the two materials increased with increasing strain rate. When the strain rate reached a critical point of 0.033 s−1, the rate of crack propagation in the PLA samples increased, resulting in the material undergoing a change from ductile to brittle. The strength of the material subjected to dynamic loading was significantly higher than that subjected to quasi-static loading. The SEM image of the PLA-Cu material revealed that copper powder was evenly distributed throughout the 3D-printed sample and that stress initially began to concentrate at the defect site corresponding to the interface between the copper powder and PLA matrix; this resulted in comparatively lower toughness. This finding was consistent with the photographs captured via high-speed photography, which confirmed that the destruction of the specimen was accompanied by an explosive crushing process. Additionally, a Zhu–Wang–Tang constitutive model was used to fit the experimental results and establish a viscoelastic constitutive model of the material. By comparing the dynamic stress–strain curve to the theoretically predicted curve, we found that the established constitutive model could predict the mechanical properties of the PLA-Cu material with reasonable accuracy when the strain was below 7%.

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Section: Constitutive Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and a Constitutive Model of 3D-Printed Copper Powder-Filled PLA Material

Wang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…This can be further extended to other Helmholtz free energy-based constitutive models such as Ogden (1984), Yeoh (1993) and eight-chain model (Bergström, 2015). More computationally inexpensive constitutive models such as the ZWT model (Xu et al, 2018) where the material Jacobian calculations are not required can also be used.…”

Section: Incorporation Of the Effects Of Stf In The Modelling Of Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of shear thickening fluid effects into computational modelling of woven fabrics subjected to impact loading: A review

Weerasinghe

Mohotti

Anderson³

2019

International Journal of Protective Structures

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Soft armour consisting of multi-layered high-performance fabrics are a popular choice for personal protection. Extensive work done in the last few decades suggests that shear thickening fluids improve the impact resistance of woven fabrics. Shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics have been proven as an ideal candidate for producing comfortable, high-performance soft body armour. However, the mechanism of defeating a projectile using a shear thickening fluid–impregnated multi-layered fabric is not fully understood and can be considered as a gap in the research done on the improvement of soft armour. Even though considerable progress has been achieved on dry fabrics, limited studies have been performed on shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics. The knowledge of simulation of multi-layered fabric armour is not well developed. The complexity in creating the geometry of the yarns, incorporating friction between yarns and initial pre-tension between yarns due to weaving patterns make the numerical modelling a complex process. In addition, the existing knowledge in this area is widely dispersed in the published literature and requires synthesis to enhance the development of shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current methods of modelling shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics with a critical analysis of the techniques used. The review is preceded by an overview of shear thickening behaviour and related mechanisms, followed by a discussion of innovative approaches in numerical modelling of fabrics. A novel state-of-the-art means of modelling shear thickening fluid–impregnated fabrics is proposed in conclusion of the review of current methods. A short case study is also presented using the proposed approach of modelling.

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“…In order to reveal the toughening mechanism of epoxy resin toughened by nano-rubber particles, the fracture toughness of the material was investigated at low (5 × 10 −4 s −1 , 1 × 10 −1 s −1 , 2.5 × 10 −1 s −1 ) and high (90 s −1 ) strain rates, and found that the toughening effect of nano-rubber particles on epoxy resin is significant at low strain rate while the toughening effect is significantly weakened at high strain rates [7]. In addition, quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments were used to reveal the effect of liquid nitrile butadiene rubber (LNBR) on the mechanical properties of epoxy resins [8], the effect of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate-grafted graphene oxide (HEMA-g-GO) on the properties of photosensitive resins [9], and the effect of nanofibers on the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate [10]. In order to understand the strengthening effect of structural improvement on the mechanical properties of the material, the additively-manufactured layered-hybrid lattice structure [11] and resin honeycomb structure [12,13] were selected to carry out static and dynamic mechanical properties tests, and the strain distribution was analyzed by digital image correlation (DIC) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive model of photosensitive resin specimens at different temperatures

et al. 2023

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In order to reveal the dynamic mechanical properties of resin-molded parts prepared from photosensitive resin composition at different temperatures, four typical service temperatures (26 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C and 90 °C) were selected, and the mechanical properties of photosensitive resin specimens under quasi-static and high strain rate (1200 s−1, 1500 s−1 and 1800 s−1) loading were tested by universal material testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental device. The stress–strain data of the material were obtained. Results show that the stress of photosensitive resin specimens decreases with the increase of temperature under quasi-static and high strain rate loading conditions, reflecting a certain temperature softening effect. Two typical stages of strain softening and strain hardening exist in the quasi-static compression process of the specimens at room temperature, while the specimens only exhibit strain hardening at 50 °C, 70 °C and 90 °C. Under dynamic loading, the elastic modulus, peak stress and peak strain of the photosensitive resin increase with the increase of the strain rate, reflecting an obvious effect of strain rate strengthening. The nonlinear thermo-viscoelastic constitutive model can better describe the mechanical behavior of the material under high strain rates and service temperatures, and the experimental values are in good agreement with the fitted values of the model. The results can provide theoretical model and method support for the design and development of resin-based materials and the optimization of their mechanical properties.

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Mechanical Behavior of Liquid Nitrile Rubber-Modified Epoxy Resin under Static and Dynamic Loadings: Experimental and Constitutive Analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanical Properties and a Constitutive Model of 3D-Printed Copper Powder-Filled PLA Material

Mechanical Properties and a Constitutive Model of 3D-Printed Copper Powder-Filled PLA Material

Incorporation of shear thickening fluid effects into computational modelling of woven fabrics subjected to impact loading: A review

Dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive model of photosensitive resin specimens at different temperatures

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