Mechanical characterization and application of Weibull statistics to the strength of softwood lignin‐based carbon fibers

Nordström, Ylva; Joffe, Roberts; Sjöholm, Elisabeth

doi:10.1002/app.39627

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is wellknown that softwood lignin has a more branched and crosslinked structure than hardwood lignin, which leads to a decreased thermal mobility [220]. Recently, Sjöholm et al [221][222][223] manufactured CFs from softwood kraft lignin by blending fractionated hardwood kraft lignin. The fractionated lignin had a low molecular weight and low polydispersity, which enhanced its role as a softening agent.…”

Section: Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

Matsushita

2015

J Wood Sci

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A significant amount of technical lignins is produced in the pulp and paper industries. However, most technical lignins are burned for thermal recycling and a few percent are used as materials, such as lignosulfonate as a dispersant. Native lignin has a highly complex structure and is susceptible to structural variations depending on the pulping process, thus hindering the effective utilization of lignins. The procedures used to convert lignins into functional materials include depolymerization to monomeric fragments followed by re-building to functional materials, and chemical modifications to generate functional polymers with retained polymeric properties. In this paper, the latter is disserted. The characteristics of technical lignins, which include kraft lignin, lignosulfonate, and organosolv lignin, and their conversion to functional materials such as polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, etc. and the applications of lignin-based materials in some fields are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

Matsushita

2015

J Wood Sci

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lignin‐based carbon materials such as fibers, mats, nanofibers, and mesoporous carbon have been successfully developed by a number of research groups, as discussed below. Depending upon processing methods, for example melt processing, dry‐spinning, or electrospinning, it is possible to prepare lignin‐based carbon fibers with a diameter ranging from several nanometers to sub‐millimeter. The microstructure and properties of these carbon fibers can be easily tailored through the choice of chemical modification of lignin precursors and carbonization parameters.…”

Section: Lignin As a Precursor For Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nordström et al . improved the spinability of softwood Kraft lignin by adding 10 wt % hardwood Kraft lignin permeate (HKLP) as a softening agent.…”

Section: Lignin As a Precursor For Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in polymers derived from industrial lignin

Ten

Vermerris

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

155

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignin is an aromatic polymer that makes up 15-30% of the cell walls of terrestrial plants. While lignin's role in facilitating water transport through the vasculature, providing rigidity and acting as a defense against pests and pathogens is important for the plant's survival, industries that process plant biomass for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals have historically primarily been interested in the cell wall polysaccharides, especially cellulose. Consequently, lignin is generated in large quantities as a by-product that is often burned to generate heat and electricity, or that is used in low-value applications. It is becoming clear that, rather than treating it as waste, lignin is very suitable for the production of enhanced composites, carbon fibers, and nanomaterials, which offers both economic and environmental benefits. This review highlights recent uses of these polymers as adsorbents, flocculants, adhesives, anti-oxidants, energy storing films, and vehicles for drug delivery and gene therapy.

show abstract

“…Different from the organic extraction, the purification of lignin using ceramic membrane can also effectively remove the impurities but with just a slight decrease of the Tg of lignin [8]. Nordstrom et al [9,10] blended kraft lignin with kraft lignin permeate and prepared the lignin based carbon fibers successfully. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties of hardwood lignin based carbon fibers were not mentioned in their study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%