Mechanical characterization of a polymeric scaffold for bone implant

Oladapo, Bankole I.; Obisesan, Oluwadamilola B.; Oluwole, Bowoto; Adebiyi, Victor A.; Usman, Hazrat; Khan, Affan

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-04638-y

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is possible to use numerous approaches, as reported [37,38]. An average pore size of 279.9 ± 31.6 µm, support lagoon of 186.8 ± 55.5 lm, a surface that has an interconnection porosity of 67.3 ± 3.1% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, and porous PEEK material have been reported [38,39]. The monotonic tensile tests showed that the strength of the material was 73.9% when compared with the molded PEEK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

3D printing of PEEK–cHAp scaffold for medical bone implant

et al. 2020

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The major drawback associated with PEEK implants is their biologically inert surface, which caused unsatisfactory cellular response and poor adhesion between the implants and surrounding soft tissues against proper bone growth. In this study, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was incorporated with Calcium Hydroxyapatite (cHAp) to fabricate a PEEK/cHAp biocomposite, using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method and a surface treatment strategy to create microporous architectures onto the filaments of PEEK lattice scaffold. Also, nanostructure and morphological tests of the PEEK-cHAp biocomposite were modeled and analyzed on the FDM-printed PEEK-cHAp biocomposite sample to evaluate its mechanical and thermal strengths as well as in vitro cytotoxicity via a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A technique was used innovatively to create and investigate the porous nanostructure of the PEEK with controlled pore size and distribution to promote cell penetration and biological integration of the PEEK-cHAp into the tissue. In vivo tests demonstrated that the surface-treated micropores facilitated the adhesion of newly regenerated soft tissues to form tight implant-tissue interfacial bonding between the cHAp and PEEK. The results of the cell culture depicted that PEEK/HAp exhibited better cell proliferation attachment spreading and higher alkaline phosphatase activity than PEEK alone. Apatite islands formed on the PEEK/HAp composite after immersion in simulated body fluid of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) for 14 days and grew continuously with more or extended periods. The microstructure treatment of the crystallinity of PEEK was comparatively and significantly different from the PEEK-cHAp sample, indicating a better treatment of PEEK/cHAp. The in vitro results obtained from the PEEK-cHAp biocomposite material showed its biodegradability and performance suitability for bone implants. This study has potential applications in the field of biomedical engineering to strengthen the conceptual knowledge of FDM and medical implants fabricated from PEEK-cHAp biocomposite materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

3D printing of PEEK–cHAp scaffold for medical bone implant

et al. 2020

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“…In FFF, the most important materials for parts manufacturing are thermoplastic polymers [5]. Accordingly, several parameters affect the manufactured part quality [6,7], like the temperature profile of the polymer and consequently the inter-layers bonding [8][9][10]. It is therefore important to understand how the process parameters affect the evolution of filaments temperature as mentioned [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the understanding of temperature effect on bonding strength, dimensions and geometry of 3D-printed parts

et al. 2020

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF), which is an additive manufacturing technique, opens alternative possibilities for complex geometries fabrication. However, its use in functional products is limited due to anisotropic strength issues. Indeed, the strength of FFF fabricated parts across successive layers in the build direction (Z direction) can be significantly lower than the strength in X-Y directions. This strength weakness has been attributed to poor bonding between printed layers. This bonding depends on the temperature of the current layer being deposited-at melting temperature (T m)-and the temperature of the previously deposited layer. It is assumed that depositing a layer at T m on a layer at temperature around crystallization temperature (T c) would enable higher material crystallinity and thus better bonding between previous and present layers. On the contrary, if the previous layer temperature is below T c , material crystallinity will be low and bonding strength weak. This paper aims at studying the significant effect of temperature difference (DT) between previous and current deposited layers temperatures on (1) inter-layers bonding strength improvement and (2) part dimensions, geometry and structure stability. A 23% increase in the inter-layers bonding strength for previous layer temperature slightly higher than T c reported here confirms the above assumption and offers a first solution toward the increase in inter-layers bonding strength in FFF.

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“…The main objective of TE is to regenerate damaged tissue by using a ceramic or polymeric scaffold at specific an anatomical position. However, the scaffolds must overcome several challenges in order to mimic the cellular environment, such as the establishment of the vascular network, obtain correct pore size to handle the mechanical stress, and maintain the structural integrity of the scaffold, the vascular network issue being the main bottleneck [1,2]. To solve the vascular network problem, it is necessary to preload the scaffold with cells before setting it into the desired anatomic location [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Zein as a Potential Biopolymer for Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnological Applications

Pérez-Guzmán

Castro-Muñoz

2020

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Tissue engineering (TE) is one of the most challenging fields of research since it provides current alternative protocols and materials for the regeneration of damaged tissue. The success of TE has been mainly related to the right selection of nano-sized biocompatible materials for the development of matrixes, which can display excellent anatomical structure, functionality, mechanical properties, and histocompatibility. Today, the research community has paid particular attention to zein as a potential biomaterial for TE applications and nanotechnological approaches. Considering the properties of zein and the advances in the field, there is a need to reviewing the current state of the art of using this natural origin material for TE and nanotechnological applications. Therefore, the goal of this review paper is to elucidate the latest (over the last five years) applications and development works in the field, including TE, encapsulations of drugs, food, pesticides and bandaging for external wounds. In particular, attention has been focused on studies proving new breakthroughs and findings. Also, a complete background of zein’s properties and features are addressed.

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Mechanical characterization of a polymeric scaffold for bone implant

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

3D printing of PEEK–cHAp scaffold for medical bone implant

3D printing of PEEK–cHAp scaffold for medical bone implant

Toward the understanding of temperature effect on bonding strength, dimensions and geometry of 3D-printed parts

A Review of Zein as a Potential Biopolymer for Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnological Applications

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