Mechanical characterization of Araldite LY 564 epoxy: creep, relaxation, quasi-static compression and high strain rate behaviors

Bakbak, Okan; Birkan, Besim Emre; Acar, Alperen; Çolak, Özgen Ü.

doi:10.1007/s00289-021-03624-x

Cited by 10 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Comparison of simulation results and experimental data at the strain rate of 1.E‐1 /s. experimental data are taken from Bakbak et al 26 [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some material behaviors such as strain hardening detected at quasi‐static rates are not observed at high strain rates due to the effect of adiabatic heating. Thermal softening behavior is observed after yielding 26 . Considering these conditions, thermal strain and rate of change of temperature are incorporated with the model, 12 and compression behavior of the epoxy Araldite LY 564 is predicted at 770 and 875 /s strain rates.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, in the literature, no single modeling work depicts all the behaviors mentioned above in one paper. The simulation results of the cooperative VBO model are compared to experimental data obtained from Bakbak et al 26 It is shown that the cooperative VBO model is capable of modeling the quasi‐static behaviors (elasticity modulus, yield stress, strain softening, and strain hardening) and high strain behaviors (elasticity modulus, yield stress, and thermal strain softening) of epoxy. Also, the model prediction of the epoxy stress relaxation behavior at 1.E‐1 /s strain rate agrees with the experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Modeling wide range of viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of AralditeLY564 epoxy using cooperative viscoplasticity theory based on overstress model

Bakbak

Çolak

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The rate-dependent properties of epoxy (Araldite LY 564) were successfully addressed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), quasi-static compression tests (strain rates: 1.E-3, 1.E-2, and 1.E-1 /s), Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) testing (strain rates: 875 and 770/s) and stress relaxation experiments (strain levels: 3.16 and 7.15%) are simulated by a micromechanically based constitutive model. The used model is Cooperative-Viscoplasticity Theory Based on Overstress (VBO) model. The majority of works about modeling polymers are limited to modeling quasi-static tension-compression behaviors and predicting elasticity modulus and yield strength. In this work, the effectiveness of the Cooperative-VBO model is verified and validated by simulating a wide range of material behaviors of Araldite LY 564. Material parameters of the model are determined by using storage modulus obtained from DMA and quasi-static compression test at a strain rate of 1.E-1 /s. High strain rate behaviors and stress relaxation behaviors are predicted. The behaviors from quasi-static to high strain rate, from stress relaxation at different strain levels to storage modulus, respectively, are predicted with a single set of material parameters. Simulation and prediction results revealed the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Modeling wide range of viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of AralditeLY564 epoxy using cooperative viscoplasticity theory based on overstress model

Bakbak

Çolak

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The material and cross‐sectional areas of all bars (striker, incident, and transmitted) in the equipment are the same. The details of the test can be found in Reference 54.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified cooperative viscoplasticity theory based on overstress model for nanocomposites

Bakbak

Çolak

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cooperative‐viscoplasticity theory based on overstress (C‐VBO) theory proposed to cover the total time, temperature, and graphene fraction dependent mechanical behavior of the nanocomposite material is simplified in this work. The previous version of the VBO model for nanocomposites includes the agglomeration effect of nanofiller by dividing the polymer nanocomposite into two parts as “agglomerated” and “effective matrix” phases. In this work, to be able to define the behavior of nanocomposites when nanofiller is evenly distributed into the matrix, the material model is simplified by defining the bulk and shear modulus without agglomerated and effective matrix phases and they are calculated separately using the Mori‐Tanaka homogenization scheme. The capabilities of the modified C‐VBO model for nanocomposites are investigated by simulating rate‐dependent uniaxial compression, creep, and relaxation behaviors for different graphene fractions (0.1 and 0.5 wt.%). In addition, to investigate high strain rate behavior, Split Hopkinson pressure bar tests are performed. The adiabatic heating effect that occurs at high strain rates is taken into account and incorporated into the model. All behaviors mentioned above are simulated well by simplified C‐VBO for nanocomposites. The developed constitutive model is ready to implement into finite element codes to be used in the structural analysis.

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“…Tamrakar et al [ 38 ] recognized that the thermal softening of DER353 epoxies became more pronounced with increasing strain rates. Bakbak et al [ 39 ] found that the elastic modulus and yield stress of LY564 epoxy resin increased significantly with the increase in strain rate. Minh et al [ 40 ] studied the fatigue performance of polypropylene (PP) at various amplitudes and frequencies on fatigue cycles under tensile test conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Response and Deformative Mechanism of the Shape Memory Polymer Filled with Low-Melting-Point Alloy under Different Dynamic Loads

2023

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Low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) was used as an additive to prepare epoxy-resin-based shape memory polymer composites (LMPA/EP SMP), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tests were performed to demonstrate the shape memory effect, storage modulus, and stiffness of the composites under different load cases. The composites exhibited an excellent shape recovery ratio and shape fixity ratio, and a typical turning point was observed in the storage modulus curves, which was attributed to the melting of the LMPA. In order to investigate the dynamic deformation mechanism at high strain rates, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments were performed to study the influence of the strain rate and plastic work on the dynamic mechanical response of LMPA/EP composites. The results showed that there was a saturated tendency for the flow stress with increasing strain rate, and the composites exhibited a typical brittle failure mode at high strain rate. Moreover, an obvious melting phenomenon of the LMPA was observed by SEM tests, which was due to the heat generated by the plastic work at high strain rate. The fundamental of the paper provided an effective approach to modulate the stiffness and evaluate the characteristics of SMP composites.

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Mechanical characterization of Araldite LY 564 epoxy: creep, relaxation, quasi-static compression and high strain rate behaviors

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Modeling wide range of viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of AralditeLY564 epoxy using cooperative viscoplasticity theory based on overstress model

Modeling wide range of viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of AralditeLY564 epoxy using cooperative viscoplasticity theory based on overstress model

Simplified cooperative viscoplasticity theory based on overstress model for nanocomposites

Dynamic Response and Deformative Mechanism of the Shape Memory Polymer Filled with Low-Melting-Point Alloy under Different Dynamic Loads

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