In order to evaluate the wear resistance, nanoscratch tests were conducted along different directions in the axial and the cross sections of mandible cortical bone, with the progressive loads from 0.1 to 80 mN. The morphology of scratch scars was showed via a field emission scanning electron microscope and an AMBIOS XP-2 stylus profilometer. The results indicated that the wear resistance of axial section was better than that of cross section. Furthermore, the wear resistance of axial section was affected by the different arrangement of lamellae. The wear degree was slighter when the scratches were conducted along the direction paralleling the osteon. The wear mechanism of cortical bone became more complicated with the increasing loads. It changed from the simple elastic-plastic deformation to the combination of deformation, delamination, and microcrack's propagation.