Mechanical characterization of rubble stone masonry walls using non and minor destructive tests

Lombillo, I.; Thomas, Carlos; Villegas, L.; Fernández-Álvarez, José Paulino; Norambuena-Contreras, José

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.007

Cited by 56 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Due to this fact, in this case, the compressive strength was estimated following the suggestion of Lombillo et al 19,25 by fitting a logarithmic curve on the non-linear region of the envelope loading cycles (stress-strain relationship) and considering the maximum stress associated with a deformation of 3‰ as proposed in. 19,25 Test on rubble stone masonry walls A total of four tests were performed on walls made with rubble limestone with air lime mortar: one test on the back façade wall of the ''Pombalino'' building (P.1) and three tests on the side external wall of the ''Gaioleiro'' building (G.1, G.2, and G.3). The test setup (test P.1 as an example) and the relationship between the average stress in the masonry (σ m ) and the average vertical strain (ε V ) for both cycles of pressure are displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Double Flat-jack Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Characterization of Masonry Walls With Flat-Jack Tests

et al. 2015

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The results from an experimental campaign on old masonry buildings from Lisbon are presented and discussed. The tests aim at the evaluation of the masonry deformability properties in compression and the shear strength parameters based on flat-jack testing technique. Tests were carried out in both internal brick masonry walls and external rubble limestone masonry walls. The evaluation of the shear parameters was done according to a new testing technique-shear tests on masonry walls with flat-jacks-involving more than one masonry unit. One of the goals is the calibration and development of this testing technique and to show its first application to the test of rubble stone masonry walls. For that, the experimental technique is fully explained in this paper, and the results of some in situ tests are used to discuss the calibration procedure. Because of the characteristics of the walls, in particular, the great heterogeneity and thickness of the external masonry walls, the application of the flat-jack testing technique involved some uncertainties that are described and debated in this work.

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Section: Double Flat-jack Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Characterization of Masonry Walls With Flat-Jack Tests

et al. 2015

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“…Furthermore, the chemical composition of different rubble stone masonry walls located in Santander, Northern Spain was systematically evaluated via PXRD analysis, as shown in Fig. 19 [253]. It can be observed that the limestone (Fig.…”

Section: Powder X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (Pxrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

et al. 2019

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Both conservation and intervention methods must be compatible with each other and appropriate for the original building materials. Therefore, the characterization of historic building materials is indispensable for investigating chemical composition, micro-structure and morphological features to study the current condition, environmental influence and change mechanism due to natural aging or man-made decay processes. Given the great variety of chemicals which can be analyzed, complex problems related to architectural heritage materials are investigated via optimized methodologies. Among the existing techniques, optical microscopy (OM) is an inexpensive and dominating tool to obtain preliminary information on complex samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can provide real three-dimensional topographies showing sample surface properties. Electron microscopes combined with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EM-EDX) are the instruments specifically developed to acquire images of target materials at high magnification. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are frequently used to characterize inorganic and organic compounds. Thermal analysis can rapidly and accurately measure changes in crystalline structure, dehydration and decomposition. X-ray based technologies have a wide range of applications as follows. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is one of the most frequently used techniques for elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a fast and inexpensive technique for the characterization of man-made and natural materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is applied to quantify the valence and electronic levels of specific elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for detecting the electronic structure of matter. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is also of great importance in architectural heritage, which can reveal different physicochemical mechanisms causing color. Laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can effectively eliminate the pollution on the surface and detect the internal elements of the target material. Ion beam analysis can quantify trace elements with high sensitivity. Mass-based techniques are mainly applied to identify unknown organic substances at the molecular level. This review describes some classical applications of individual techniques and provides scientific support for scientists and engineers to make decisions in the context of architectural heritage.

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“…Flat-jack technique has been widely and successfully applied in several past studies, namely in regular brick and stone masonry walls [15]. However, the use of this technique in irregular stone masonry has been the subject of relatively few studies [13,[16][17][18][19]. In these walls, not complying with all standards' requirements is a contingency that must be taken into account.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterization Of Stone Masonry Walls Through Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Typological Characterization of Traditional Stone Masonry Walls in Old Urban Centres: A Case Study in Viseu, Portugal

et al. 2019

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Essential for any intervention in existing buildings, a thorough knowledge of both structural and material characteristics is even more important in the case of traditional stone masonry buildings, due both to the variability of this technology's properties and the degradation buildings might have sustained. In Portugal, a number of in situ and laboratory experimental campaigns has allowed us in recent years to expand the knowledge on the mechanical properties of stone masonry walls. Nevertheless, the existence of different wall typologies built with the same material necessitates that this characterization takes into account the various regional constructive cultures. This paper presents the results obtained through an in-situ characterization campaign carried out in the old urban center of Viseu, for which there is no information available in the literature. Granite stone masonry walls of two different buildings were analyzed and characterized considering their geometrical and material features, contributing to the identification of stone masonry typologies present in the city's old urban center. Flat-jack testing yielded resistance and deformability parameters to be used both in safety evaluation and intervention design. The properties obtained can be said to be consistent with those deriving from other experimental campaigns, conducted in granite walls of different typologies, throughout the country. Simultaneously, relevant conclusions about the use of flat-jacks to characterize this type of stone masonry were drawn. both in situ [2,3] and in laboratory [4][5][6][7]. Nevertheless, the existence of various regional constructive cultures, resulting in different wall typologies built with the same material, leads to the need for such characterization to take into account the specific locations where these walls are representative. Regarding the specific case of the city of Viseu, it is worth mentioning that information concerning the mechanical properties of granite stone masonry walls in its old urban center is absent. Therefore, and aiming at providing data that can help to retain the original structural system of these buildings, while ensuring structural safety, this work intends to offer a first contribution to the characterization of these elements. It is intended, namely, and apart from geometrical and material characterization which can contribute to the identification of stone masonry typologies frequent in the old urban center of Viseu, to quantify resistance and deformability parameters to be used both in safety evaluation and intervention design. Thus, this paper presents and discusses the results obtained from an in situ test campaign conducted in the old urban center of Viseu. Granite stone masonry walls of two different buildings were analyzed and characterized considering their geometrical and material characteristics. Flat-jack testing technique was used to obtain resistance and deformability parameters to be used both in safety evaluation and intervention design. Relevant conclusions about the...

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Mechanical characterization of rubble stone masonry walls using non and minor destructive tests

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanical Characterization of Masonry Walls With Flat-Jack Tests

Mechanical Characterization of Masonry Walls With Flat-Jack Tests

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

Mechanical and Typological Characterization of Traditional Stone Masonry Walls in Old Urban Centres: A Case Study in Viseu, Portugal

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