Mechanical Compaction of Crustal Analogs Made of Sintered Glass Beads: The Influence of Porosity and Grain Size

Carbillet, Lucille; Heap, Michael; Baud, Patrick; Wadsworth, Fabian B.; Reuschlé, Thierry

doi:10.1029/2020jb021321

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Data of this nature for sandstone and limestone highlight that, although porosity exerts an importance influence on the stress conditions required for the brittle-ductile transition and shear-enhanced compaction, other microstructural parameters such as grain size also play a role (e.g. Wong and Baud 2012; see also Carbillet et al 2021). Porosity also exerts an important control on these critical stresses for volcanic rocks: the switch from brittle to ductile behaviour and the compactive yield cap are, in general, at higher stress values for rocks with a lower porosity (Fig.…”

Section: Ductile Triaxial Deformation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review

2021

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The microstructure and mineralogy of volcanic rocks is varied and complex, and their mechanical behaviour is similarly varied and complex. This review summarises recent developments in our understanding of the mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks. Compiled data show that, although porosity exerts a first-order influence on the uniaxial compressive strength of volcanic rocks, parameters such as the partitioning of the void space (pores and microcracks), pore and crystal size and shape, and alteration also play a role. The presence of water, strain rate, and temperature can also influence uniaxial compressive strength. We also discuss the merits of micromechanical models in understanding the mechanical behaviour of volcanic rocks (which includes a review of the available fracture toughness data). Compiled data show that the effective pressure required for the onset of hydrostatic inelastic compaction in volcanic rocks decreases as a function of increasing porosity, and represents the pressure required for cataclastic pore collapse. Differences between brittle and ductile mechanical behaviour (stress-strain curves and the evolution of porosity and acoustic emission activity) from triaxial deformation experiments are outlined. Brittle behaviour is typically characterised by shear fracture formation, and an increase in porosity and permeability. Ductile deformation can either be distributed (cataclastic pore collapse) or localised (compaction bands) and is characterised by a decrease in porosity and permeability. The available data show that tuffs deform by delocalised cataclasis and extrusive volcanic rocks develop compaction bands (planes of collapsed pores connected by microcracks). Brittle failure envelopes and compactive yield caps for volcanic rocks are compared, highlighting that porosity exerts a first-order control on the stresses required for the brittle-ductile transition and shear-enhanced compaction. However, these data cannot be explained by porosity alone and other microstructural parameters, such as pore size, must also play a role. Compactive yield caps for tuffs are elliptical, similar to data for sedimentary rocks, but are linear for extrusive volcanic rocks. Linear yield caps are considered to be a result of a high pre-existing microcrack density and/or a heterogeneous distribution of porosity. However, it is still unclear, with the available data, why compaction bands develop in some volcanic rocks but not others, which microstructural attributes influence the stresses required for the brittle-ductile transition and shear-enhanced compaction, and why the compactive yield caps of extrusive volcanic rocks are linear. We also review the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and frictional properties of volcanic rocks. Finally, we review how laboratory data have and can be used to improve our understanding of volcanic systems and highlight directions for future research. A deep understanding of the mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rock can help refine and develop tools to routinely monitor the hazards posed by active volcanoes.

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Section: Ductile Triaxial Deformation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review

2021

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“…The synthetic samples used to conduct this work were prepared by the viscous sintering of spherical glass beads, following the method presented in Carbillet et al. (2021). When heated above their glass transition temperature, the beads act as liquid droplets and begin a time‐dependent coalescence driven by interfacial tension, a process that progressively decreases the porosity of the system (Wadsworth et al., 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of the mean grain size on the hydromechanical behavior of porous rocks has been explored in the laboratory using natural (Brace, 1961; Fredrich et al., 1990; Guyon et al., 1987; Olsson, 1974; Wasantha et al., 2015) and synthetic rocks (Carbillet et al., 2021), and using numerical modeling (Cil & Buscarnera, 2016; Ghazvinian et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2018). For porous sandstones, experimental laboratory studies using correlation analysis reported that grain size has a significant influence on uniaxial compressive strength, where the larger the grain size the lower the strength (Bell & Culshaw, 1998; Fahy & Guccione, 1979; Wasantha et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Mechanical Compaction and Compaction Localization in Porous Rocks

et al. 2022

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The modes of formation of clastic rocks result in a wide variety of microstructures, from poorly‐sorted heterogeneous rocks to well‐sorted and nominally homogeneous rocks. The mechanical behavior and failure mode of clastic rocks is known to vary with microstructural attributes such as porosity and grain size. However, the influence of the grain size distribution, in particular the degree of polydispersivity or modality of the distribution, is not yet fully understood, because it is difficult to study experimentally using natural rocks. To better understand the influence of grain size distribution on the mechanical behavior of porous rocks, we prepared suites of synthetic samples consisting of sintered glass beads with polydisperse grain size distributions. We performed hydrostatic compression experiments and found that, all else being equal, the onset of grain crushing occurs much more progressively and at lower pressure in polydisperse synthetic samples than in monodisperse samples. We conducted triaxial experiments in the regime of shear‐enhanced compaction and found that the stress required to reach inelastic compaction was lower in polydisperse samples compared to monodisperse samples. Further, our microstructural observations show that compaction bands developed in monomodal polydisperse samples while delocalized cataclasis developed in bimodal polydisperse samples, where small grains were systematically crushed while largest grains remained intact. In detail, as the polydispersivity increases, microstructural deformation features appear to transition from localized to delocalized through a hybrid stage where a compaction front with diffuse bands propagates from both ends of the sample toward its center with increasing bulk strain.

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“…In subsequent studies, irreversible compaction was modeled on the basis of viscous [3][4][5] and visco-plastic rheology [6][7][8], including taking into account temperature effects [9] and large deformations [10]. It should be noted that the theoretical results only partially describe the available experimental data [11][12][13]. Recent studies have shown that rock compaction occurs at all stress levels from the very beginning of compression, i.e.…”

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Tensor compaction of porous rocks: theory and experimental verification

Panteleev

Lyakhovsky

Mubassarova

et al. 2022

PMI

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Compaction in sedimentary basins has been traditionally regarded as a one-dimensional process that ignores inelastic deformation in directions orthogonal to the active load. This study presents new experiments with sandstone demonstrating the role of three-dimensional inelastic compaction in cyclic true triaxial compression. The experiments were carried out on the basis of a triaxial independent loading test system in the Laboratory of Geomechanics of the Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Science. The elastic moduli of the material were estimated from the stress-strain curves and the elastic deformations of the sample in each of the three directions were determined. Subtracting the elastic component from the total deformation allowed to show that inelastic compaction of the sandstone is observed in the direction of active loading, whereas in the orthogonal directions there is a expansion of the material. To describe the three-dimensional nature of the compaction, a generalization of Athy law to the tensor case is proposed, taking into account the role of the stress deviator. The compaction tensor and the kinetic equation to describe the evolution of inelastic deformation, starting from the moment of the load application are introduced. On the basis of experiments on cyclic multiaxial compression of sandstone, the identification and verification of the constructed model of tensor compaction were carried out. The possibility of not only qualitative, but also quantitative description of changes in inelastic deformation under complex cyclic triaxial compression is shown.

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Mechanical Compaction of Crustal Analogs Made of Sintered Glass Beads: The Influence of Porosity and Grain Size

Cited by 27 publications

References 122 publications

The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review

The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review

The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Mechanical Compaction and Compaction Localization in Porous Rocks

Tensor compaction of porous rocks: theory and experimental verification

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