Mechanical, corrosion, nanotribological, and biocompatibility properties of equal channel angular pressed Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloys for biomedical applications

Effects of Zr Addition on the Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Novel Biomedical Ti–Zr–Mo–Mn Alloys

“…Moreover, Zr oxides (ZrO 2 ) were reported to be more stable and corrosion-resistant than Ti oxides, concurrently possessing high biocompatibility, and the existence of a certain amount of ZrO 2 in the passivation film can dramatically reduce Ti-ion dissolution and accelerate the reconstruction rate of TiO 2 oxides (TiO 2 ⇌ TiO 2+ + O 2– , TiO 2+ is unstable and easy to hydrolyze in a chloride solution) . The corrosion behavior, which is also a critical factor determining biocompatibility, is dependent on the properties of the passivation films formed on the surface of the alloys. , The surface of Ti–Zr-based alloys was easily oxidized under SBF, and then a noncytotoxic passivation film was formed on the alloy surface . The in vitro biocompatibility of the TZMM alloys investigated using the MC3T3-E1 cells indicated that the TZMM alloys can support cell adhesion and proliferation with high cell viability similar to CP-Ti, and the in vivo evaluation after long-term implantation in the mice femoral defect also demonstrated that the TZMM alloys had good osteointegration ability.…”

“…13 The corrosion behavior, which is also a critical factor determining biocompatibility, is dependent on the properties of the passivation films formed on the surface of the alloys. 44,45 The surface of Ti−Zr-based alloys was easily oxidized under SBF, and then a noncytotoxic passivation film was formed on the alloy surface. 16 The in vitro biocompatibility of the TZMM alloys investigated using the MC3T3-E1 cells indicated that the TZMM alloys can support cell adhesion and proliferation with high cell viability similar to CP-Ti, and the in vivo evaluation after long-term implantation in the mice femoral defect also demonstrated that the TZMM alloys had good osteointegration ability.…”

Albumin Protein Impact on Early-Stage In Vitro Biodegradation of Magnesium Alloy (WE43)

“…Similarly, within 4000 s of immersion in a physiological solution, the biodegradation rate of Mg alloys was observed to decrease with increasing concentration of BSA protein . Other research using molecular dynamics simulations revealed that fibronectin molecules have a lower tendency to adsorb on the secondary phases than on the α-Mg (matrix) due to their higher water layer content, lower number of anchored residues, and weaker interaction strength …”

“…The unique benefits of certain Mg alloys, such as their biodegradability, reasonable mechanical properties similar to bone tissue, and nontoxicity, have prompted researchers to focus on improving their in-service properties, particularly their long-term durability. − Mg alloys have numerous medical applications, including as temporary non-load-bearing bone implants or bone fixations, , scaffolds for tissue engineering, , and cardiovascular stents . However, the biodegradation resistance of Mg alloys remains low, especially in human physiological media containing various ions, proteins, cells, and inflammatory agents. , Inorganic ions (e.g., Cl – , H 2 PO 4 – , HPO 4 2– , Ca 2+ , HCO 3 – ) and protein molecules (albumin, fibronectin, etc.) can reduce or accelerate the rate of deterioration of Mg alloys ,, depending on a variety of factors that include ion type, protein concentration, alloy microstructure, alloy chemical composition, and exposure time …”

“…17 Other research using molecular dynamics simulations revealed that fibronectin molecules have a lower tendency to adsorb on the secondary phases than on the α-Mg (matrix) due to their higher water layer content, lower number of anchored residues, and weaker interaction strength. 11 The improved biological properties of Mg-based alloys are strongly related to enhanced corrosion resistance. 18 Biological cells are very sensitive to environmental fluctuations, and the corrosion of Mg-based alloys may lead to the formation of metal ions, hydrogen bubbles, and an alkaline environment.…”