Mechanical design of negative stiffness honeycomb materials

Abstract

A mechanical system exhibits negative stiffness when it requires a decrease in applied force to generate an increase in displacement. Negative stiffness behavior has been of interest for use in vibro-acoustic damping materials, vibration isolation mechanisms, and mechanical switches. This non-intuitive mechanical response can be elicited by transversely loading a curved beam structure of appropriate geometry, which can be designed to exhibit either one or two stable positions. The current work investigates honeycomb structures whose unit cells are created from curved beam structures that are designed to provide negative stiffness behavior and a single stable position. These characteristics allow the honeycomb to absorb large amounts of mechanical energy at a stable plateau stress, much like traditional honeycombs. Unlike traditional honeycombs, however, the mechanism underlying energy-absorbing behavior is elastic buckling rather than plastic deformation, which allows the negative stiffness honeycombs to recover from large deformations. Accordingly, they are compelling candidates for applications that require dissipation of multiple impacts. A detailed exploration of the unit cell design shows that negative stiffness honeycombs can be designed to dissipate mechanical energy in quantities that are comparable to traditional honeycomb structures at low relative densities. Furthermore, their unique cell geometry allows the designer to perform trade-offs between density, stress thresholds, and energy absorption capabilities. This paper describes these trade-offs and the underlying analysis.

Complex condition monitoring for industrial equipment via remote strain gauge diagnostics and vibration isolating metamaterials

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Bidirectional torsional negative stiffness mechanism for energy balancing systems

“…Such buckled structures have been employed on numerous mechanical systems where the negative stiffness behaviour can contribute to the required system behaviour. Many applications of the combined system have been investigated, from large-scale honeycomb materials to MEMs-scale switches, including negative stiffness honeycomb materials [5], statically balanced compliant mechanisms [6], negative stiffness-based load-bearing vibration isolators [7], enhanced bimorph strip actuators [8] and highly efficient bridge-type microscale displacement amplifiers [9]. For example, a simple linkage mechanism with a pre-compressed spring linked slider was studied as a negative stiffness device, which could produce passive torque [10].…”

Stag Beetle Elytra: Localized Shape-Retaining, Puncture and Wear-Resistant

“…In biological materials such as bone, it is driven by the deformation at the micro-scale, such as delamination and micro-buckling of lamellar structures that are controlled by the distribution of tubules [10]. Recently, energy absorption capabilities are achieved by macroscopic deformation of honeycomb structures with negative stiffness, fabricated using pre-curved beams [11]. Using such ideas, a negative stiffness honeycomb structure is developed that can absorb a large amount of energy at a stable stress value, capable of recovering from large deformations.…”