Mechanical energy flow in torso during baseball toss batting

Horiuchi, Gen; Nakashima, Hirotaka; Sakurai, Shunsuke

doi:10.1080/14763141.2021.1927162

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The Fast BSV players have their bats controlled by the radial/ulnar deviation action of the wrist joint on the top-hand side as the ball impacts the bat. Thereby, they can transfer a large amount of mechanical energy from the hand to the bat, creating a fast BSV [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and Conditioning Programs to Increase Bat Swing Velocity for Collegiate Baseball Players

Haruna,

Doi,

Habu

et al. 2023

Sports

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Bat swing velocity (BSV) is an imperative element of a successful baseball hitting performance. This study aimed to investigate the anthropometric and physiological variables associated with BSV and explore strength and conditioning programs to increase BSV in collegiate baseball players. Seventy-eight collegiate baseball players (mean age ± SD, 19.4 ± 1.0 years) participated in this study. Maximum BSV (km/h) was measured using Blast Baseball (Blast Motion Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA). The anthropometric and physiological variables measured were height, body mass, lean body mass, grip strength, back muscle strength, the 30 m sprint, standing long jump, and backward overhead medicine ball throwing. Analysis using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient showed a weak but significant positive correlation between all anthropometric measurements to BSV. Significant relationships existed between physiological variables of hand grip, back muscle strength, and backward overhead medicine ball throwing, but not the standing long jump and 30 m sprint. These data show that BSV is related to anthropometric and physiological variables, particularly upper and lower body strength and full-body explosive power. Based on the results of this study, we designed examples of sound training programs to increase BSV. Strength and conditioning coaches may want to consider using this information when designing a training program for collegiate baseball players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and Conditioning Programs to Increase Bat Swing Velocity for Collegiate Baseball Players

Haruna,

Doi,

Habu

et al. 2023

Sports

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“…Other studies have examined energy flow through the torso during baseball hitting. These combined study results demonstrated that the torso is primarily utilized as a pathway for energy transfer from the proximal lower extremities to the distal upper extremities [2,6,7]. Although prior studies have provided valuable insight, both studies lacked analysis of the upper extremity segments [6,7].…”

Section: Energy Flow During Baseball Machine Hittingmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although prior hitting research has predominantly analyzed individual kinematic and kinetic parameters, energy flow analysis of the swing can provide a more comprehensive understanding of how the kinetic chain functions throughout the phases of the swing [1,3,4,8]. Emerging hitting-energy flow studies have primarily focused on proximal segments such as the pelvis and torso, with a limited number examining the upper and lower extremities [2,[5][6][7]9]. Horiuchi et al (2017) recently investigated energy flow in the lower extremities and torso during baseball hitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Flow during Baseball Machine Hitting

Talmage,

Bordelon,

Wasserberger

et al. 2024

Int J Sports Med

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The primary aims of the study were to perform a descriptive analysis of hitting energetics off a pitching machine and to compare between the rear- and lead-side lower and upper extremities. Eighty-five high school to minor league baseball athletes participated. Five full-effort swings off a pitching machine with the fastest exit velocity were used for analysis. Energy flow was quantified using a segment power analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant differences between rear- and lead-side energetics during both swing phases. During the stride, the rear knee and shoulder generated more energy than the lead side. Throughout the swing phase the lead knee, hip, and elbow generated more energy than the rear side, but at the shoulder the rear side generated significantly more energy than the lead. Most intriguing, differing energy transfer directions between the rear and lead knee and shoulder joints were reported. Furthermore, descriptive results revealed energy is predominantly transferred across the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints, while the hips primarily display energy generation. The descriptive nature of the study provides a foundation for future research and can be used as a resource for training personnel to design effective training protocols aimed at maximizing performance.

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“…in front of home plate. Performing three maximal effort swings per condition is similar to methods from prior hitting studies [17,22]. At least one minute of rest was allotted in between each swing trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants performed three trials of maximal effort swings from a stationary tee followed by three maximal effort swings from a front toss with a pitcher located 9.14 m in front of home plate. Performing three maximal effort swings per condition is similar to methods from prior hitting studies 17 22 . At least one minute of rest was allotted in between each swing trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics of Hitting in Youth Baseball: Implications for Skill Development

Bordelon,

Fava,

Friesen

et al. 2024

Int J Sports Med

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This study compared lower extremity, trunk, and upper extremity kinematics between tee and front toss hitting in youth baseball athletes. Twenty youth baseball athletes (14.3±2.9 yrs) performed three maximal effort swings off front toss and tee. Kinematic data were collected during the preparatory and acceleration phases. Lower extremity, trunk, and upper extremity kinematics were compared between tee and front toss hitting using 1-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM). There was a significant difference in trunk kinematics between tee and front toss during the preparatory phase (p=.001); the trunk rotated more toward the back side when hitting off a tee compared to front toss (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference in trunk kinematics between tee and front toss for 67% of the acceleration phase; the trunk rotated more towards the back side from 0 to 67% when hitting off the tee (p<0.001). Significant differences were found in trunk kinematics between tee and front toss hitting in youth baseball players, where the trunk is less rotated toward the pitcher in the tee than in the front toss. Coaches utilize various training modalities to enhance hitting performance; however, differences in trunk kinematics should be considered between modalities when developing fundamental hitting techiques in youth baseball athletes.

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Mechanical energy flow in torso during baseball toss batting

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Strength and Conditioning Programs to Increase Bat Swing Velocity for Collegiate Baseball Players

Strength and Conditioning Programs to Increase Bat Swing Velocity for Collegiate Baseball Players

Energy Flow during Baseball Machine Hitting

Kinematics of Hitting in Youth Baseball: Implications for Skill Development

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