Mechanical Evaluation and XRD/TG Investigation on the Properties of Wooden Dowel Welding

Zhu, Xudong; Sangbong, Yi; Gao, Ying; Zhao, Yuting; Qiu, Yaqin

doi:10.15376/biores.12.2.3396-3412

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As the temperature of the welding interface reached about 250 °C during the welding process, the cellulose underwent a faster pyrolysis reaction under the catalysis of CuCl 2 . Finally, the relative crystallinity of the interface material in the pretreated group was lower than that of the untreated group, which was consistent with the previous X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis [16,17]. The DTG curve showed that with the extension of welded time, the amount of cellulose pyrolysis was greater during the welding process, which was also one of the reasons for the decrease in pullout resistance.…”

Section: Tg Analysessupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of pretreated wood dowel with CuCl2 on temperature distribution of wood dowel rotation welding

et al. 2018

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This study examined the temperature distribution during rotation welding process using birch (Betula spp.) wood dowel and Chinese larch (Larix gmelinii) substrates. Wood dowels were divided into two categories including an untreated group and a group pretreated with cupric chloride. The mechanics test results indicated that the pullout resistance of the pretreated group with welded time 3 s showed the best performance. As a fitting analyses result, both the untreated group and pretreated group showed a significant nonlinear relationship among temperature, welded depth and welded time. In the untreated group case, a linear regression relationship was found between the highest temperature of the welding interface and the depth. However, two-stage fitting was used to fit the regression for the pretreated group. Compared with the untreated group, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of the pretreated group welding interface presented two pyrolytic peaks, and it illustrated that the pretreatment promoted the depolymerization and pyrolysis of wood constituents.

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Section: Tg Analysessupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of pretreated wood dowel with CuCl2 on temperature distribution of wood dowel rotation welding

et al. 2018

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“…The XRD patterns of the reference and welded wood samples are illustrated in Figure 9. The X-ray diffractograms are similar to those obtained by Zhu et al (2017b) and by Zor et al (2021), when welding B. pendula, L. Gmelinii, Abies bornmulleriana, Quercus robur and Castanea sativa from northern hemisphere. These patterns refer to cellulose Iβ (JINROO01-CSD), whose main peaks are 14,9 º, 16,6 º, 22,9 º and 34,4 º (2θ) (Groom et al 2016).…”

Section: Xrdsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…For the RFW parameters adopted, the wood fibers intertwined at the interface and formed a microstructure responsible for joining the dowel and the substrate, providing mechanical strength to the joint (Zhu et al 2017b) (Figure 7d, Figure 7e, Figure 7f). Hongda et al (2022) reported a similar behavior when welding Phyllostachys edulis (680 kg/m 3 ) bamboo dowels in European spruce (700 kg/m 3 ) substrates, with feed rates of 200 mm/min, 600 mm/min and 800 mm/min.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the interface of Eucalyptus specimens welded by rotary friction

Viana

Moraes

Weingaertner

2023

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Rotary friction welding produces joints by inserting wood dowels, with a specific rotation and feed rate, into pre-drilled holes made in wood substrates. Studies on the welding of fast-growing Eucalypts from Brazilian planted forests are recent. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the macro and microstructural and thermochemical changes at the dowel/substrate interface of Eucalypts welded joints from Brazilian planted forests and to determine the mechanical strength of two-piece Eucalypts welded joints. Specimens formed by eucalypts dowels and substrates were produced. Subsequently, visual evaluation and scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests were performed. The results reveal that the rotary friction welding parameters adopted contribute to the densification of the welded interface and the formation of a structure responsible for joining the dowel and the substrate, providing mechanical strength to the joint. The cellulose crystallinity index and the apparent crystallite size of the Eucalypts welded sample increase due to thermal degradation of amorphous components. The rupture of the welded joints is ductile and their average strength is 2,1 MPa. Welded joints of fast-growing Eucalypts, from Brazilian planted forests, are suitable when the rotary friction welding parameters are similar to those used for Eucalypts woods from Australian forests.

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“…Wood dowels immersed in CuCl2 and welded for 3 s showed a high pull-out resistance and data reliability (Zhu et al 2017a(Zhu et al , 2018(Zhu et al , 2019. In addition, the highest pull-out resistance was achieved when the moisture contents of the wooden dowels and the substrate were 2% and 12%, respectively (Zhu et al 2017b).…”

Section: Optimisation Of Wood Weldingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Adhesiveless bonding of wood – A review with a focus on wood welding

Gedara

Chianella

Endrino

et al. 2021

BioRes

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Most industrially used synthetic wood adhesives release formaldehyde, which is carcinogenic for humans. Adhesiveless bonding of wood can be achieved using heat treatment by either hot-pressing method, suitable mainly for wood particles and fibres or by wood welding. Welding of wood, which relies on the heat generated via friction, can be used for bonding two or more solid wood pieces together. The process can be carried out either by linear or rotational wood welding. This review first considers the manufacturing of binderless wood-based panels by hot-pressing. Then this is followed by an in-depth outlook of wood welding and its application in the wood industry. The effects of varying wood welding parameters, such as applied pressure, vibrational frequency and amplitude, holding pressure, holding time, welding time in linear wood welding, and relative diameter difference between the substrate and the dowel in rotational wood welding to obtain joints with optimal mechanical and physical properties is reviewed and discussed. Wood products made by heat treatment (hot-pressing and wood welding) are environmentally friendly, and the brief curing times needed for their manufacture represent a great advantage compared with the usage of wood adhesives to bind pieces of wood.

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Mechanical Evaluation and XRD/TG Investigation on the Properties of Wooden Dowel Welding

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of pretreated wood dowel with CuCl2 on temperature distribution of wood dowel rotation welding

Influence of pretreated wood dowel with CuCl2 on temperature distribution of wood dowel rotation welding

Evaluation of the interface of Eucalyptus specimens welded by rotary friction

Adhesiveless bonding of wood – A review with a focus on wood welding

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