Mechanical Germination of Bacterial Spores

Rode, L. J.; Foster, J. W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.46.1.118

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Rode & Foster (1960) stated that the germination process itself is characterized by slight swelling. Black & Gerhardt (1962) also referred to several other authors who have reported swelling during germination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Swelling of Bacterial Spores during Germination and Outgrowth

Hitchins

Gould

Hurst

1963

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe swelling of spores of Bacillus cereus and B . subtilis during germination and outgrowth was followed by measuring changes in packed cell volume (pcv) and by photomicrographic measurements of single organisms. Three stages of swelling were recognized : (1) germination swelling involving a rapid increase of about 20% in pcv as the spore germinated; (2) preemergence swelling of up to 100 yo increase in pcv before emergence from the spore coat; (3) elongation. Germination swelling was due mainly to an increase in the breadth of the spore. It occurred in the absence of oxygen and was not inhibited by nisin whereas pre-emergence swelling was oxygen-dependent and was inhibited by nisin. Post-emergence swelling occurred during elongation of the new vegetative form. The significance of these findings is discussed,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Swelling of Bacterial Spores during Germination and Outgrowth

Hitchins

Gould

Hurst

1963

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Spore germination is also triggered by mechanical treatments, including abrasion and high pressures (23,36). Abrasion activates either CwlJ or SleB (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Germination of Bacillus subtilis Spores via Activation of Nutrient Receptors by High Pressure

Black

Koziol-Dube

Guan

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

125

187

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Different nutrient receptors varied in triggering germination of Bacillus subtilis spores with a pressure of 150 MPa, the GerA receptor being more responsive than the GerB receptor and even more responsive than the GerK receptor. This hierarchy in receptor responsiveness to pressure was the same as receptor responsiveness to a mixture of nutrients. The levels of nutrient receptors influenced rates of pressure germination, since the GerA receptor is more abundant than the GerB receptor and elevated levels of individual receptors increased spore germination by 150 MPa of pressure. However, GerB receptor variants with relaxed specificity for nutrient germinants responded as well as the GerA receptor to this pressure. Spores lacking dipicolinic acid did not germinate with this pressure, and pressure activation of the GerA receptor required covalent addition of diacylglycerol. However, pressure activation of the GerB and GerK receptors displayed only a partial (GerB) or no (GerK) diacylglycerylation requirement. These effects of receptor diacylglycerylation on pressure germination are similar to those on nutrient germination. Wild-type spores prepared at higher temperatures germinated more rapidly with a pressure of 150 MPa than spores prepared at lower temperatures; this was also true for spores with only one receptor, but receptor levels did not increase in spores made at higher temperatures. Changes in inner membrane unsaturated fatty acid levels, lethal treatment with oxidizing agents, or exposure to chemicals that inhibit nutrient germination had no major effect on spore germination by 150 MPa of pressure, except for strong inhibition by HgCl 2 .

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“…RP treatment was a mechanical sterilization method. Mechanical disruption of bacterial spores was reported previously (Rode & Foster, 1960;Kondo & Foster, 1967;Aronson & Fitz-James, 1968;Spudich & Kornberg, 1968). These reports indicated that the bacterial spores could be disrupted mechanically.…”

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confidence: 59%

Mechanical Analysis of the Injury of Spores by Reciprocal Pressurization

Furukawa

Hayakawa

2004

FSTR

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Mechanical analysis of injury of spores of B. subtilis by quick decompression was investigated. The stress on the stress concentration point of germinated spores under 200, 300 and 400 MPa treatment was calculated to be 800 MPa, 1200 MPa and 1600 MPa, respectively, where this point was the highest point of stress concentration on the sporecoat. The stress showed values 4 times larger than treatment pressure. Sporecoat is a keratin-like scleroprotein. The tensile strengths of some polymers were 70 MPa (polyester), 50 MPa (vinyl chloride), 70 MPa (nylon) and 20 MPa (polyethylene). From stress analysis, minimum stress of the spore model on the stress concentration point (800 MPa) was higher than the tensile strength of the above polymers. It was indicated that the sporecoat is disrupted by the stresses produced by expansion of inner-spore-water with quick decompression.

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Mechanical Germination of Bacterial Spores

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

The Swelling of Bacterial Spores during Germination and Outgrowth

The Swelling of Bacterial Spores during Germination and Outgrowth

Factors Influencing Germination of Bacillus subtilis Spores via Activation of Nutrient Receptors by High Pressure

Mechanical Analysis of the Injury of Spores by Reciprocal Pressurization

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