Mechanical metamaterials

Guenneau, Sébastien; Kadic, Muamer; Wegener, Martin

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ace069

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 584 publications

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“…Mechanical metamaterials are engineered structures of which mechanical properties primarily originate from their unit cell geometries [34][35][36]. Various structural configurations have been developed to create mechanical metamaterials, such as lattice [37,38], origami [39,40], kirigami [41,42], tensegrity [26], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodes for modes: Nodal honeycomb metamaterial enables a soft robot with multimodal locomotion

Dikici,

Daltorio,

Akkus

2024

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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Soft-bodied animals, such as worms and snakes, use many muscles in different ways to traverse unstructured environments and inspire tools for accessing confined spaces. They demonstrate versatility of locomotion which is essential for adaptation to changing terrain conditions. However, replicating such versatility in untethered soft-bodied robots with multimodal locomotion capabilities have been challenging due to complex fabrication processes and limitations of soft body structures to accommodate hardware such as actuators, batteries and circuit boards. Here, we present MetaCrawler, a 3D printed metamaterial soft robot designed for multimodal and omnidirectional locomotion. Our design approach facilitated an easy fabrication process through a discrete assembly of a modular nodal honeycomb lattice with soft and hard components. A crucial benefit of the nodal honeycomb architecture is the ability of its hard components, nodes, to accommodate a distributed actuation system, comprising servomotors, control circuits, and batteries. Enabled by this distributed actuation, MetaCrawler achieves five locomotion modes: peristalsis, sidewinding, sideways translation, turn-in-place, and anguilliform. Demonstrations showcase MetaCrawler’s adaptability in confined channel navigation, vertical traversing, and maze exploration. This soft robotic system holds the potential to offer easy-to-fabricate and accessible solutions for multimodal locomotion in applications such as search and rescue, pipeline inspection, and space missions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodes for modes: Nodal honeycomb metamaterial enables a soft robot with multimodal locomotion

Dikici,

Daltorio,

Akkus

2024

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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“…Materials and structures are usually designed to meet predefined properties or functions, which nonetheless are often invariant to external loading conditions. [ 1–8 ] As a matter of fact, solid materials capable of adapting their mechanical properties in response to load changes can surprisingly improve their performance, functionality, versatility, and sustainability and benefit applications ranging from aerospace and automotive engineering to soft robotics, biomedical and consumer products. [ 9–20 ] Passive materials or systems that respond differently to different types of input loads (usually low or high amplitude vibration or shock loads) include delicately designed bulked and viscoelastic materials, where a small number of different responses can be achieved using geometric designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Stiffness Tensors in Self‐Activated Solids via a Local Rule

Tang,

Ye,

Jia

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Mechanical metamaterials are often designed with particular properties for specific load‐bearing functions. Alternatively, this study aims to create a class of active lattice metamaterials, dubbed self‐activated solids, that can learn desired stiffness tensors from the elastic deformations they experienced, a crucial feature to improve the performance, efficiency, and functionality of materials. Artificial adaptive matters that combine sensory, control, and actuation elements can offer appealing solutions. However, challenges still remain: The designs will rely on accurate off‐line and global computations, as well as intricate coordination among individual elements. Here, a simple online and local learning strategy is initiated based on contrastive Hebbian learning to gradually guide self‐activated solids to possess sought‐after stiffness tensors autonomously and reversibly. During learning, the bond stiffness of the active lattice varies depending only on its local strain. The numerical tests show that the self‐activated solid can not only achieve the desired bulk, shear, and coupling moduli but also manifest uni‐mode and bi‐mode extremal materials by itself after experiencing the corresponding elastic deformations. Further, the self‐activated solid can also achieve the desired time‐varying moduli when exposed to temporally different loads. The design is applicable to any lattice geometries and is resistant to damage and instabilities. The material design approach and the physical learning strategy suggested can benefit the design of autonomous materials, physical learning machines, and adaptive robots.

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“…𝜔 1 (k) and 𝜔 2 (k) are shown by the two dotted black curves in Figure 1b. In extremal Cauchy-elastic metamaterials, [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] an integer N of the six (three) eigenmodes in three dimensions (two dimensions) are soft or "easy". For monomode metamaterials, we have N = 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion Engineering by Hybridizing the Back‐Folded Soft Mode of Monomode Elastic Metamaterials with Stiff Acoustic Modes

Groß,

Schneider,

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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In many cases, the hybridization of two or more excitation modes in solids has led to new and useful dispersion relations of waves. Well‐studied examples are phonon polaritons, plasmon polaritons, particle‐plasmon polaritons, cavity polaritons, and magnetic resonances at optical frequencies. In all of these cases, the lowest propagating mode couples to a finite‐frequency localized resonance. Herein, the unusual metamaterial phonon dispersion relations arising from the hybridization of an ordinary acoustical phonon mode with a back‐folded soft or easy phonon mode of a monomode elastic metamaterial are discussed. Conceptually, the single easy mode can have strictly zero wave velocity. In reality, its wave velocity is very much smaller than that of all other modes. Considering polymeric 3D printed elastic monomode metamaterials at ultrasound frequencies, it is shown theoretically and experimentally that the resulting pronounced avoided crossing, with a frequency splitting comparable to the mid‐frequency, leads to backward‐wave behavior for the lowest band over a broad frequency range, conceptually at zero loss.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Mechanical metamaterials

Cited by 25 publications

References 584 publications

Nodes for modes: Nodal honeycomb metamaterial enables a soft robot with multimodal locomotion

Nodes for modes: Nodal honeycomb metamaterial enables a soft robot with multimodal locomotion

Learning Stiffness Tensors in Self‐Activated Solids via a Local Rule

Dispersion Engineering by Hybridizing the Back‐Folded Soft Mode of Monomode Elastic Metamaterials with Stiff Acoustic Modes

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