Mechanical methods for materials concentration of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells and product potential evaluation for recycling

Silva Silveira Camargo, Priscila; Gomes Osório Torres, Gabriel; Pacheco, João Antônio Scherer; Pilotto Cenci, Marcelo; Kasper, Angela Cristina; Veit, Hugo Marcelo

doi:10.1007/s11356-024-34779-5

Environ Sci Pollut Res

2024

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34779-5

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Mechanical methods for materials concentration of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells and product potential evaluation for recycling

Priscila Silva Silveira Camargo,

Gabriel Gomes Osório Torres,

João Antônio Scherer Pacheco

et al.

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A novel method for selective lithium recovery from end-of-life LiFePO4 automotive batteries via thermal treatment combined with a leaching process

Sánchez,

Pacheco,

Veit

2024

Preprint

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As the demand for electric vehicles has increased, effective solutions for recycling end-of-life lithium-ion batteries have become crucial. Since lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries represent a significant portion of the automotive battery market, this research presents an innovative method to produce concentrated lithium solutions by combining a calcination process with a microwave-assisted hydrometallurgical process. The initial steps involve safe collection and disassembly of discarded batteries to preserve components and minimize contamination. The cathode coils were separated and ground to a particle size smaller than 0.25 mm, concentrating 96% of the lithium compounds. Afterward, the cathode material was calcined for 1 h at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 900°C in air and N₂ atmospheres. For samples treated in an oxidative atmosphere, the complete phase conversion of LiFePO₄ to Li₂Fe₃(PO₄)₃ was achieved at 500°C, whereas in an inert atmosphere, this phase change fully manifested at 700°C. Different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mol/L) were subsequently used in the microwave-assisted leaching process for all the calcined and non-calcined cathodic powders. Considering leaching with aqua regia as a reference for the complete leaching of metals, the best results obtained in terms of lithium selectivity were obtained with samples calcined at 500°C and leached with 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid. Under these conditions, 75% of all the lithium and only 2.5% of all the iron were extracted in solution. This result reveals that calcination in an air atmosphere prior to a hydrometallurgical process plays a fundamental role in achieving high lithium selectivity without the need for any other additives.

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A novel method for selective lithium recovery from end-of-life LiFePO4 automotive batteries via thermal treatment combined with a leaching process

Sánchez,

Pacheco,

Veit

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Mechanical methods for materials concentration of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells and product potential evaluation for recycling

Cited by 1 publication

References 57 publications

A novel method for selective lithium recovery from end-of-life LiFePO4 automotive batteries via thermal treatment combined with a leaching process

A novel method for selective lithium recovery from end-of-life LiFePO4 automotive batteries via thermal treatment combined with a leaching process

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