Mechanical Performance and In Vivo Tests of an Acrylic Bone Cement Filled with Bioactive Sepia Officinalis Cuttlebone

Abstract

To promote osteointegration, bioactive cuttlebone particles containing collagen were used to fill an acrylic cement, varying filler concentration (0-50 wt%). Cuttlebone was characterized by X-ray diffraction, plasma atomic emission and FT-IR. Mechanical properties of the filled cement were determined following ASTM procedures, included stress-strain, compression, bending, and fracture toughness tests. For in vivo tests, three groups of seven adult healthy rabbits were prepared to make an implant in the parietal bone of each one. For such groups (I-III), the amount of filler in the cement was 0, 10 and 30 wt%, respectively. Mechanical results for the composites complied with norm requirements. However, as mechanical performance for composite with 50 wt% of filler decreased significantly, for the in vivo tests, such composite was excluded. In vivo tests showed that three implants of group I were loosely attached to the parietal bone, whereas all the implants made with cement containing cuttlebone particles (groups II and III) were firmly attached to the parietal bone, indicating osteointegration. These results clearly show the potential of this type of bioactive filler to be used for medical applications.

Therapeutic and prophylactic uses of invertebrates in contemporary Spanish ethnoveterinary medicine

“…From time immemorial, cuttlebones have been ground up to make polishing powder, which was used for medicinal purposes as an antacid and as an absorbent for treating sore skin. Recently, antibacterial activity [112], bone healing properties [113] and wound healing activity on skin ulcer lesions [114] of cuttlebone have been shown. In addition, Lee et al .…”

Synthetic and Marine-Derived Porous Bone Graft Substitutes

“…Nonetheless, a cement containing 50 wt% of CB led to a decrease in tensile strength and Young's modulus, which was associated with the formation of pores. The compressive strength although has decreased with the increase of CB content, was maintained higher than the minimum required of 70 MPa [191]. Due to the exothermic polymerization reaction, there is an increase on temperature as reaction progresses, decreasing after a maxim value has been reached as the monomer is consumed.…”

“…Besides being used as a scaffold, natural CB can also be milled and used to fill poly (methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) bone cements [191,192]. When compared with the non-filled cement, the addition of 10 and 30 wt% of CB resulted in an increase of tensile strength and Young's modulus.…”

“…However, a longer setting time can cause some medical problems because pressure in the prosthesis has to be maintained until the cement sets [192]. When implanted in bone defects, the cements without CB were weakly adherent to the parietal bone while the samples containing CB were strongly attached to the bone, an indication that osteointegration has occurred in samples containing CB [191].…”

Chemical-microstructural-nanomechanical variations in the structural units of the cuttlebone ofSepia officinalis

“…Despite a porosity exceeding 90% (1), the cuttlebone of some species withstand pressures encountered at up to 500 m in diving depth (2,3). This exceptional combination of high compressive strength, porosity and permeability is extremely desirable for biomimetic and biomedical structural materials, including templates for tissue scaffolds (4,5), hydroxyapatite scaffolds (6)(7)(8), and bone cements (9).…”