Mechanical performance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites cured by self-resistance electric heating method

Liu, Shuting; Li, Yingguang; Shen, Yan; Lü, Yong

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-03707-0

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…From the point of view of the in-plane temperature uniformity, as can be seen in the simulation graph, except for the local heat absorption from the edge electrode, the uniformity in the central region is relatively uniform, and this is also reported in literature. [29] The problem of in-plane temperature difference does exist in the SRE heating process, and the in-plane temperature gradient is influenced by the contact resistance between the composite material and the electrode. The authors' previous work [29] investigated the relationship between the temperature distribution and the electrodes structures as shown in following figure.…”

Section: Assessment Of Through-thickness Temperature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29] The problem of in-plane temperature difference does exist in the SRE heating process, and the in-plane temperature gradient is influenced by the contact resistance between the composite material and the electrode. The authors' previous work [29] investigated the relationship between the temperature distribution and the electrodes structures as shown in following figure. By increasing the number of electrodes, the contact area between the material and the electrode is farthest increased, so that the contact resistance is efficiently reduced and the inplane overheating can be avoided.…”

Section: Assessment Of Through-thickness Temperature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the thickness of the upper and lower sub-layers decreases, the current density through sub-layer increases. Researches [29,35] show that excessive electric heating load damaged the surface properties of carbon fiber and reduced the curing quality. Considering temperature uniformity and material properties comprehensively, thick laminate is divided into upper, middle, and lower sub-layers with 10, 79, and 10, plies respectively.…”

Section: L-sre With Unequal Thickness Layers (U-l-sre)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thostenson [27] reported that microwaves could transmit energy volumetrically and instantaneously into thick glass/epoxy laminates, by which the minimized thermal overshoot was achieved. Hayes [28] and Liu [29] investigated the SRE heating of CFRP, in which the electrode structures were explored to reduce the contact resistance, and the rapid heating rate and the uniform in-plane temperature distribution was reported. The above technologies utilized the electric loss of the material itself to manage self-heating, and they were all characterized by rapid energy feeding, lag-free, and volumetric heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Layered self‐resistance electric heating to cure thick carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

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Curing of thick carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting composite laminates has been a major challenge due to the undesired through-thickness temperature gradient. In this paper, a novel layered self-resistance electric heating (L-SRE) method to cure thick laminates was proposed. The thick laminate was divided into multiple independent sub-layers, and the temperature of each sub-layer was controlled individually. The experiment's results revealed that L-SRE was able to achieve highly homogeneous temperature distribution filed throughthickness both in rapid heating and exothermic reaction stages. The maximum temperature difference of dwell stage for L-SRE process was less than 4.0 C, and the L-SRE process that had an optimized thickness of each sub-layer achieved the minimum mean temperature deviation of 2.1 C, which was 88.46% lower than that of the oven process. By using the optimized L-SRE method, the maximum value of crosslink thermal overshoot was 12.2 C (32.5 C for oven curing). Different layered temperature control strategies were explored, and the lowest energy consumption of 309.7 Wh (19.82% of oven process) was achieved by using the single-power pulsed heating. The method proposed in this paper provided a new solution for high-quality and energy-efficient curing of thick laminates.

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Section: Assessment Of Through-thickness Temperature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Through-thickness Temperature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L-sre With Unequal Thickness Layers (U-l-sre)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Layered self‐resistance electric heating to cure thick carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…However, according to Abliz et al [ 6 ], due to the specific electric application nature of the heating process, it is mostly applicable for welding. To our knowledge, very little research work relating to curing of composite structures by this process is noticed to present, using this heating technology, which has been reported occasionally and in different expression forms, such as joule heating [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], resistance or resistive heating [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], embedded heating [ 46 ], and self-resistance electric (SRE) heating/curing [ 47 ]. These similar techniques have been applied by researchers, where the curing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plates was achieved by the direct application of an electric current flown through the carbon fibers [ 39 , 41 , 42 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites

2021

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The aim of this study is to achieve a fully cured thermoset matrix that is heated by a direct electric current passing through the reinforcement fibers i.e., the Joule heating effect. Two types of fibers were used as heating elements for curing the epoxy resins. Kanthal resistance fibers were used as reference heating elements and subsequently, they were replaced by a Torayca Carbon Tow of the same radius. The specimens were cured by the heat produced by a direct electric current passing through the fibers and achieving temperatures of 50 °C and 70 °C. Specimens cured in a conventional oven were also manufactured, to compare the resistance heating method to the conventional one. Next, all specimens were mechanically characterized in a quasi-static three-point bending mode of loading and experimental results were compared to derive useful conclusions concerning the applicability of the technique to polymer/composite materials mass production. Finally, a preliminary economical study concerning power consumption needed for the application of both the traditional oven curing and the carbon fibers heating elements use for the manufacturing of the same amounts of materials is presented, showing a maximum financial benefit that can be achieved, on the order of 68%.

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Fabrication of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites by means of self‐resistance electric heating

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

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In the conventional process of thermoplastic composites, a heating stage from the external heat source usually consumes a large amount of energy. To solve this problem, self‐resistance electric (SRE) heating of carbon fiber‐reinforcement was introduced to form a continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA 6) composite based on film stacking technique in this paper. The temperature distribution was first measured to verify the temperature uniformity for SRE heating process. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to assess effects on the chemical properties of carbon fibers from SRE heating and conventional convective heating. To evaluate forming quality by SRE heating, the physical properties, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of CF/PA 6 composites were measured. The results show that the forming time and energy consumption of SRE heating process are significantly reduced compared with that of the traditional heating process because of fast heating/cooling rate. While fast heating/cooling rate of SRE heating process leads to a higher void content, which finally results in a slightly lower flexural strength and impact properties of composite laminates. It is clear that SRE heating technique is one of the energy‐ and cost‐effective ways to fabricate continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites although the forming quality is still improved in future investigation.

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Mechanical performance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites cured by self-resistance electric heating method

Cited by 45 publications

References 39 publications

Layered self‐resistance electric heating to cure thick carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates

Layered self‐resistance electric heating to cure thick carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates

Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites

Fabrication of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites by means of self‐resistance electric heating

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