Mechanical Properties and Anthropometry of the Human Infant Head

Prange, Michael; Luck, Jason F.; Dibb, Alan T.; Ee, Chris A. Van; Nightingale, Roger W.; Myers, Barry S.

doi:10.4271/2004-22-0013

Cited by 43 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, it is likely that studies reporting the threshold of head acceleration less than 80 g might have underestimated the threshold. In the current study, the model-predicted peak acceleration at 5 % risk of skull fracture is 84 g, which is consistent with the findings reported by Prange et al [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The only studies that reported similar results on head injury thresholds are from Klinich et al [10] and Van Ee et al [19], in which the IARVs corresponding to the 50 % head injury risk for 6 MO children were estimated to be about 80 g for the head acceleration and 200-300 for HIC. It should also be noted that Prange et al [22] performed three neonatal cadaver tests, in which cadaveric heads were dropped onto a concrete surface at a height of 30 cm. It was shown that the peak head accelerations have exceeded 80 g, but no skull fracture was observed in any test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The linear elastic model was used for the skull with a Young's modulus of 164.3 MPa. This value is determined by a combination of inverse FE and optimization method to match the simulation results with three neonatal cadaver dropping tests reported by Prange et al [22], in which the parameter range was based on Coats' data as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The material properties of suture, dura, and scalp were also determined by this method. The pediatric head FE model was also validated against other impact conditions in the study by Prange et al [22]. The material properties were assumed to be the same among all the subjects within the short age span from 0 to 9 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prange et al [22] conducted three neonate cadaver tests by dropping the head specimens onto a concrete surface at a height of 30 cm. Skull fracture was not found in any test, and the peak head acceleration reached 80 g. In an early study, Weber [17,18] conducted drop tests using 50 infant cadavers aged from 0 to 9 MO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of skull fracture risk for children 0–9 months old through validated parametric finite element model and cadaver test reconstruction

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Skull fracture is one of the most common pediatric traumas. However, injury assessment tools for predicting pediatric skull fracture risk is not well established mainly due to the lack of cadaver tests. Weber conducted 50 pediatric cadaver drop tests for forensic research on child abuse in the mid-1980s (Experimental studies of skull fractures in infants, Z Rechtsmed. 92: 87-94, 1984; Biomechanical fragility of the infant skull, Z Rechtsmed. 94: 93-101, 1985). To our knowledge, these studies contained the largest sample size among pediatric cadaver tests in the literature. However, the lack of injury measurements limited their direct application in investigating pediatric skull fracture risks. In this study, 50 pediatric cadaver tests from Weber's studies were reconstructed using a parametric pediatric head finite element (FE) model which were morphed into subjects with ages, head sizes/shapes, and skull thickness values that reported in the tests. The skull fracture risk curves for infants from 0 to 9 months old were developed based on the model-predicted head injury measures through logistic regression analysis. It was found that the model-predicted stress responses in the skull (maximal von Mises stress, maximal shear stress, and maximal first principal stress) were better predictors than global kinematic-based injury measures (peak head acceleration and head injury criterion (HIC)) in predicting pediatric skull fracture. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using age- and size/shape-appropriate head FE models to predict pediatric head injuries. Such models can account for the morphological variations among the subjects, which cannot be considered by a single FE human model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prediction of skull fracture risk for children 0–9 months old through validated parametric finite element model and cadaver test reconstruction

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Zhang

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Feasibility of optimising bicycle helmet design safety through the use of additive manufactured TPE cellular structures

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Infant skull fracture risk for low height falls

et al. 2018

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Skull fractures are common injuries in young children, typically caused by accidental falls and child abuse. The paucity of detailed biomechanical data from real-world trauma in children has hampered development of biomechanical thresholds for skull fracture in infants. The objectives of this study were to identify biomechanical metrics to predict skull fracture, determine threshold values associated with fracture, and develop skull fracture risk curves for low-height falls in infants. To achieve these objectives, we utilized an integrated approach consisting of case evaluation, anthropomorphic reconstruction, and finite element simulation. Four biomechanical candidates for predicting skull fracture were identified (first principal stress, first principal strain, shear stress, and von Mises stress) and evaluated against well-witnessed falls in infants (0-6 months). Among the predictor candidates, first principal stress and strain correlated best with the occurrence of parietal skull fracture. The principal stress and strain thresholds associated with 50 and 95% probability of parietal skull fracture were 25.229 and 36.015 MPa and 0.0464 and 0.0699, respectively. Risk curves using these predictors determined that infant falls from 0.3 m had a low probability (0-54%) to result in parietal skull fracture, particularly with carpet impact (0-1%). Head-first falls from 0.9 m had a high probability of fracture (86-100%) for concrete impact and a moderate probability (34-81%) for carpet impact. Probabilities of fracture in 0.6 m falls were dependent on impact surface. Occipital impacts from 0.9 m onto the concrete also had the potential (27-90% probability) to generate parietal skull fracture. These data represent a multi-faceted biomechanical assessment of infant skull fracture risk and can assist in the differential diagnosis for head trauma in children.

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Mechanical Properties and Anthropometry of the Human Infant Head

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Prediction of skull fracture risk for children 0–9 months old through validated parametric finite element model and cadaver test reconstruction

Prediction of skull fracture risk for children 0–9 months old through validated parametric finite element model and cadaver test reconstruction

Feasibility of optimising bicycle helmet design safety through the use of additive manufactured TPE cellular structures

Infant skull fracture risk for low height falls

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