Mechanical properties and degradation behaviors of hyaluronic acid hydrogels cross-linked at various cross-linking densities

Photocrosslinked alginate hydrogels with tunable biodegradation rates and mechanical properties

“…The number average molecular weight between crosslinks (M c ) was calculated according to following equation: M c ¼ 3rRT/E [39,40]. T is the temperature (298 K) at which the modulus was measured, r is the concentration of methacrylated alginate Table 1 Methacrylation efficiency (%) and actual methacrylation (%) of alginates, and elastic modulus and molecular weight between crosslinks of photocrosslinked alginate hydrogels.…”

Establishment of CTAB Turbidimetric method to determine hyaluronic acid content in fermentation broth

“…Currently, the conventional method to determine HA content in fermentation broth is BMM (Bitter-Muir method) (Huang, Chen, & Chen, 2006;Jeon et al, 2007;Liu, Du, Chen, Wang, & Sun, 2008;Segura et al, 2005). It gives excellent results when applied to the analysis of polysaccharides which contain only glucuronic acid (Roden, Baker, Cifonelli, & Mathews, 1972).…”

Pyrogenicity of hyaluronic acid hydrogel crosslinked by divinyl sulfone for soft tissue augmentation

“…Hydrogels as injection augmentation of facial soft tissue have attracted immediate attention due to their regeneration properties of various tissues, mechanical properties, softness, oxygen permeability, similarities the body's own highly hydrated composition and excellent biocompatibilities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. They demonstrated their efficacy in correcting aesthetic defects such as congenital or hypovolumetries, nasolabial furrows, forehead, glabella wrinkles, cheekbone, chin hypovolumetry and lip augmentation.…”

“…They are known to be highly swollen and insoluble networks that can be used to entrap cells. It is noted that higher equilibrium swelling promotes nutrient diffusion into the gel and cellular waste removal out of the gel, while the insolubility provides the structural integrity necessary for tissue growth [1,2].…”

“…Among natural polymers, such as collagen, gelatin, fibrin, alginic acid, chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA), crosslink-stabilized HA is highly acknowledged as a naturally derived injectable filler due to its longevity of correction, a reduced risk of immunogenicity and hypersensitivity, and its controllable mechanical and degradation properties [1,7]. HA is a linear polysaccharide formed from disaccharide units containing N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and glucuronic acid [2,8].…”