Mechanical properties and flammability of sisal/PP composites: Effect of flame retardant type and content

Suppakarn, Nitinat; Jarukumjorn, Kasama

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.005

Cited by 127 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A incorporação de fibras de sisal a plásticos tem sido reportada por vários pesquisadores, que investigaram a viabilidade do desenvolvimento de compósitos poliméricos de baixo custo reforçados por fibras de sisal por meio da avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, reológicas, elétricas e viscoelásticas desses compósitos [4][5][6]9,[24][25][26][27] .…”

Section: Compósitosunclassified

“…No entanto, há vários trabalhos na literatura que avaliam o reforço de fibras celulósicas em diversos tipos de matrizes poliméricas com objetivo de melhorar o desempenho mecânico e/ou compensarem possíveis degradações de compósitos poliméricos [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . As fibras vegetais são abundantes, não-tóxicas, de baixo custo, de baixa densidade, não são abrasivas e, portanto, não desgastam os equipamentos, assim como provêm de fontes renováveis.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Fernandes e Domingues analisaram-se as propriedades mecânicas de misturas de PP virgem e reciclado, em três porcentagens diferentes, por meio de ensaios de tração axial e de impacto Charpy. Esses pesquisadores concluiram que porcentagens de reciclado acima de 30% causam deterioração das propriedades mecânicas do produto [2] .No entanto, há vários trabalhos na literatura que avaliam o reforço de fibras celulósicas em diversos tipos de matrizes poliméricas com objetivo de melhorar o desempenho mecânico e/ou compensarem possíveis degradações de compósitos poliméricos [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . As fibras vegetais são abundantes, não-tóxicas, de baixo custo, de baixa densidade, não são abrasivas e, portanto, não desgastam os equipamentos, assim como provêm de fontes renováveis.…”

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Resíduos de sisal como reforço em compósitos de polipropileno virgem e reciclado

et al. 2011

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Resumo:Foram estudadas as propriedades térmicas e mecânicas de compósitos de polipropileno, virgem e reciclado, reforçados com 30% em massa de fibras residuais de sisal, assim como o perfil de processamento e a morfologia da matriz polimérica. Para tanto, foram determinadas a resistência à tração, o módulo de Young, alongamento na ruptura, e energia de impacto. As amostras também foram caracterizadas por MEV, DMTA e TG. Para ambos os compósitos de polipropileno, virgem e reciclado, com a adição das fibras, o alongamento na ruptura mostrou uma queda significativa, enquanto que a resistência à tração não sofreu grandes variações. Houve um aumento significativo nos valores de tração na ruptura e de energia de impacto com a adição das fibras de sisal na matriz de polipropileno. As análises térmicas mostraram ligações secundárias, como as ligações polares, entre as fibras e a matriz, concordando com o comportamento mecânico dos compósitos. Constatou-se que a temperatura de transição vítrea não variou após a adição da fibra. Palavras-chave: Sub-produto do sisal, extrusão, compatibilidade, propriedades mecânicas, propriedades térmicas. Virgin and Recycled Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Sisal By-ProductAbstract: The mechanical and thermal properties of virgin and recycled polypropylene composites reinforced with 30% by mass of residual sisal fibers were studied, in addition to an analysis of the extrusion process and morphology of the polymeric matrix. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break, and impact energy were determined. The samples were also characterized by SEM, DMTA and TG analyses. Elongation at break of the composites presented a significant decrease, while the tensile strength was not affected significantly by addition of sisal fibers. A significant increase was observed in the tension of rupture and in the impact energy of the composite reinforced with sisal fiber. The thermal analyses indicated secondary interactions, such as polar interactions, between the fibers and the matrix, consistent with the mechanical behavior of the composites. The glass transition temperature has not changed after fiber addition. Keywords: Sisal by-product, extrusion, compatibility, mechanical properties, thermal properties. IntroduçãoO polietileno de baixa e alta densidade e polipropileno representam 45% da produção de plástico no mundo [1] . Particularmente, o polipropileno (PP) virgem é amplamente explorado, mas o aumento do custo das resinas plásticas, pressionado pelas constantes flutuações do preço do petróleo no mercado internacional, tem estimulado as pesquisas em reciclagem deste polímero. Normalmente, o preço do plástico reciclado é 40% mais baixo do que o da resina virgem [2] . Fernandes e Domingues analisaram-se as propriedades mecânicas de misturas de PP virgem e reciclado, em três porcentagens diferentes, por meio de ensaios de tração axial e de impacto Charpy. Esses pesquisadores concluiram que porcentagens de reciclado acima de 30% causam deterioração das propriedades mecânicas do produt...

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Section: Compósitosunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Resíduos de sisal como reforço em compósitos de polipropileno virgem e reciclado

et al. 2011

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“…Among natural fibers, sisal is one of the most used in the world, and Brazil is one of the biggest producers. The exceptional mechanical characteristics of sisal are already making its application in automotive industry and civil construction possible [13,14]. However, like any other hydrophilic lignocellulosic fiber used as reinforcement of hydrophobic plastic in composites, the relatively poor compatibility between them is the barrier to obtain good results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, morphological and mechanical analysis of sisal fiber-reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene composites

Fávaro¹,

Ganzerli²,

Neto³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

143

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Abstract. Natural fibers are widely used as plastic composite material reinforcements. In this work, composites of postconsumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with sisal fibers were prepared. PE and sisal fibers were chemically modified to improve their compatibilities, try to increase the hydrophobic character of the sisal fiber and hydrophilic character HDPE. Sisal was mercerized with a NaOH solution and acetylated and the PE was oxidized with KMnO4 solution. The chemically modified fibers were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 13 C NMR). The composites were prepared by extrusion of modified and unmodified materials containing either 5 or 10 wt% fibers. The morphology of the obtained materials was evaluated by SEM. The fiber chemical modification improves it adhesion with matrix, but not benefit were obtained with HDPE oxidation. Flexural and impact tests demonstrated that the composites prepared with modified sisal fibers and unmodified PE present improved mechanical performance compared to pure PE.

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“…ZB can be used alone or in combination with other retardants, supposing a synergistic effect (Ning and Guo 2000). Partial replacement of sisal by ZB or/and Mg(OH) 2 in a sisal/PP composite reduced the burning rate and increased the thermal stability; however, no synergistic effect was observed when Mg(OH) 2 and ZB were incorporated together (Suppakarn and Jarukumjorn 2009). Also, the addition of flame retardants did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of the composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Fire Retardants on the Flammability, Mechanical Properties, and Wettability of Co-Extruded PP-Based Wood-Plastic Composites

Turku¹,

Nikolaeva²,

Kärki³

2014

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In this work, fire retardants (FRs) such as aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), zinc borate (ZB), melamine, graphite, and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) were loaded into the shell layer of a co-extruded polypropylene (PP)-based wood-plastic composite (WPC). The incorporated retardants reduced the peak of the heat release rate by 8 to 22%, depending on the type of FR. Other studied parameters, such as ignition time and mass loss rate, were improved after the FR loading. The total heat release decreased slightly (except for the graphite-WPC). The effective heat of combustion was independent of the presence of the FR or, in the case of graphite, slightly increased. Carbon monoxide production increased (ZB, graphite) or was not changed significantly (ATH, melamine, and TiO 2 ). It was also observed that the tensile strength improved after the FR loading; however, the tensile modulus decreased, except for the graphite-WPC. The impact strength improved or was independent of the FR loading, as in the case of the sample with ATH. The wettability of the composites decreased with filler loading, except for ZB, which showed the highest water absorption value among the studied composites.

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Mechanical properties and flammability of sisal/PP composites: Effect of flame retardant type and content

Cited by 127 publications

References 23 publications

Resíduos de sisal como reforço em compósitos de polipropileno virgem e reciclado

Resíduos de sisal como reforço em compósitos de polipropileno virgem e reciclado

Chemical, morphological and mechanical analysis of sisal fiber-reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene composites

The Effect of Fire Retardants on the Flammability, Mechanical Properties, and Wettability of Co-Extruded PP-Based Wood-Plastic Composites

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