Mechanical properties, density and quantitative CT scan data of trabecular bone with and without metastases

Kaneko, Tadashi; Bell, Jason S.; Pejcic, Marina R.; Tehranzadeh, Jamshid; Keyak, Joyce H.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.08.010

Cited by 137 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The ash density of the specimen was defined as the ash weight divided by the specimen volume (Kaneko et al, 2004;Les et al, 2002;Lespessailles et al, 1998). The volume of the bone specimen was determined from the diameter and total height measured before the compressive test.…”

Section: Ashingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of embalming using a 4% formalin solution on the compressive mechanical properties of human cortical bone

Öhman

Dall’Ara

Baleani

et al. 2008

Clinical Biomechanics

126

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Background. The use of formalin fixed bone tissue is often avoided because of its assumed influence on the mechanical properties of bone. Fixed bone tissue would minimise biological risks and eliminate preservation issues for long duration experimental tests. This study aimed to determine the short-and long-term effects of embalming, using a solution with 4% formalin concentration, on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone.Methods. Three-millimetre cylindrical specimens of human cortical bone were extracted from two femoral diaphyses and divided in four groups. The first group was used as control, the remaining three groups were left in the embalming solution for 48 h, 4 week, and 8 week, respectively. Compressive mechanical properties, hardness and ash density were assessed. The last was used to check the homogeneity among the four groups.Findings. No significant differences were found among the four groups in yield stress, ultimate stress and hardness. The specimens stored for 8 week in the embalming solution had significant lower Young's modulus (À24%), higher yield strain (+20%) and ultimate strain (+53%) compared to the other groups.Interpretation. On a short-term perspective, embalming did not affect the compressive mechanical properties, nor hardness of human cortical bone, whereas a long-term preservation (8 week) did significantly affect Young's modulus, yield strain and ultimate strain in compression. Preserving bone segments for up to 4 week in an embalming solution with low formalin concentration seems to be an interesting alternative when collecting and/or managing fresh or fresh-frozen bone segments for biomechanical experiments is not possible.

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Section: Ashingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of embalming using a 4% formalin solution on the compressive mechanical properties of human cortical bone

Öhman

Dall’Ara

Baleani

et al. 2008

Clinical Biomechanics

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, previous studies suggested that information from these examinations alone does not fully explain fracture risk. 8,9 Combining these current standards with other techniques could offer new opportunities to obtain complimentary information about bone quality and, therefore, improve the prediction of the risk for pathological fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Raman spectral markers to assess metastatic bone in breast cancer

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Bone is the most common site for breast cancer metastases. One of the major complications of bone metastasis is pathological bone fracture caused by chronic bone loss and degeneration. Current guidelines for the prediction of pathological fracture mainly rely on radiographs or computed tomography, which are limited in their ability to predict fracture risk. The present study explored the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy to estimate pathological fracture risk by characterizing the alterations in the compositional properties of metastatic bones. Tibiae with evident bone destruction were investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The carbonation level calculated by the ratio of carbonate/phosphate ν1 significantly increased in the tumor-bearing bone at all the sampling regions at the proximal metaphysis and diaphysis, while tumor-induced elevation in mineralization and crystallinity was more pronounced in the metaphysis. Furthermore, the increased carbonation level is positively correlated to bone lesion size, indicating that this parameter could serve as a unique spectral marker for tumor progression and bone loss. With the promising advances in the development of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for deep tissue measurement, this spectral marker can potentially be used for future noninvasive evaluation of metastatic bone and prediction of pathological fracture risk.

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“…(1,(6)(7)(8)24) Within the positive-feedback loop of metastatic bone disease, initiation of osteoclast activity by interleukin 8 (IL-8), (1,25) parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), (4,26,27) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) (1,28) is implicated. In turn, osteoclast activity releases growth factors in bone that promote tumor proliferation and growth, including transforming growth factor b, (29,30) bone morphogenic proteins, (31,32) and others.…”

Section: Mnu-induced Breast Tumors On Bone Health In Rats (Figs 2 Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1,2) Intuitively, osteolytic invasion of bone is highly damaging to bone strength, structure, and density. (6)(7)(8) This pattern of invasion and ostelytic lesion formation is well established, but current models assume that cross-talk between tumor cells and bone tissues occurs on a local, paracrine, or autocrine level. It is also possible that breast tumors may release bone-damaging signals into the circulation prior to actual metastasis to bone tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea are damaging to bone strength, structure, and mineralization in the absence of metastasis in rats

Thorpe

Valentine

Moulton

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Current theory on the influence of breast cancer on bone describes metastasis of tumor cells to bone tissue, followed by induction of osteoclasts and bone degradation. Tumor influences on bone health in pre-or nonmetastatic models are unknown. Female rats (n ¼ 48, 52 days old) were injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) to induce breast cancer. Animals were euthanized 10 weeks later, and tumors were weighed and classified histologically. Right femurs were extracted for testing of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone mechanical strength by three-point bending and femoral neck bending tests, and structure by microcomputed tomography (mCT). Of 48 rats, 22 developed one or more tumors in response to MNU injection by 10 weeks. Presence of any tumor predicted significantly poorer bone health in 17 of 28 measures. In tumored versus nontumored animals, BMD was adversely affected by 3%, force at failure of the femoral midshaft by 4%, force at failure of the femoral neck by 12%, and various trabecular structural parameters by 6% to 27% (all p < .05). Similarly, greater tumor burden, represented by total tumor weight, adversely correlated with bone outcomes: r ¼ À0.51 for BMD, À0.42 and À0.35 for femur midshaft force and work at failure, and between 0.36 and 0.59 (absolute values) for trabecular architecture (all p < .05). Presence of MNU-induced tumors and total tumor burden showed a negative association with bone health of the femur in rats in the absence of metastasis. Further study is required to elucidate mechanisms for this association. ß

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Mechanical properties, density and quantitative CT scan data of trabecular bone with and without metastases

Cited by 137 publications

References 10 publications

The effects of embalming using a 4% formalin solution on the compressive mechanical properties of human cortical bone

The effects of embalming using a 4% formalin solution on the compressive mechanical properties of human cortical bone

Development of Raman spectral markers to assess metastatic bone in breast cancer

Breast tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea are damaging to bone strength, structure, and mineralization in the absence of metastasis in rats

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