Mechanical Properties Directionality and Permeability of Fused Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Porous Scaffolds Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Abstract

Titanium alloy porous scaffolds possess excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making them promising for applications in bone tissue engineering. The integration of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) with porous scaffolds provides a structural resemblance to the trabecular and cortical bone structures of natural bone tissue, effectively reducing stress-shielding effects, enabling the scaffold to withstand complex stress environments, and facilitating nutrient transport. In this study, we designed fused porous scaffolds based on the Gyroid and Diamond units within TPMS and fabricated samples using selective laser melting technology. The effects of the rotation direction and angle of the inner-layer G unit on the elastic modulus of the fused TPMS porous scaffold were investigated through quasi-static compression experiments. Furthermore, the influence of the rotation direction and angle of the inner-layer G unit on the permeability, pressure, and flow velocity of the fused TPMS porous scaffold structure was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the Navier−Stokes model. The quasi-static compression experiment results demonstrated that the yield strength of the fused TPMS porous scaffold ranged from 367.741 to 419.354 MPa, and the elastic modulus ranged from 10.617 to 11.252 GPa, exhibiting stable mechanical performance in different loading directions. The CFD simulation results indicated that the permeability of the fused TPMS porous scaffold model ranged from 5.70015 × 10 −8 to 6.33725 × 10 −8 m 2 . It can be observed that the fused porous scaffold meets the requirements of the complex stress-bearing demands of skeletal structures and complies with the permeability requirements of human bone tissue.

Customized 3D‐printed heterogeneous porous titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…From the quasi‐static compression 19,20 finite element simulation cloud plots of both BCC and IWP structures with different volume fractions in Figure 3A, it can be observed that the lattice modulus is larger and the stress conduction is more homogeneous than that of TPMS, and this tendency decreases with the increase of volume fractions. Thus, the BCC lattice matches the load‐bearing and stress‐conducting function of cortical bone.…”

Prioritizing Biomaterial Driven Clinical Bioactivity Over Designing Intricacy during Bioprinting of Trabecular Microarchitecture: A Clinician’s Perspective

“…These scaffolds reduce stress-shielding, endure complex stress environments, and facilitate nutrient transport. Fused Gyroid and Diamond TPMS scaffolds exhibited stable mechanical performance in compression tests with strengths of 367.741 to 419.354 MPa and moduli of 10.617 to 11.252 GPa in different loadings …”

“…Fused Gyroid and Diamond TPMS scaffolds exhibited stable mechanical performance in compression tests with strengths of 367.741 to 419.354 MPa and moduli of 10.617 to 11.252 GPa in different loadings. 80 …”

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…(iii) Post Processing: After the CFD simulation, a post-processing module is used to analyse the results, including the velocity streamlines, the average WSS, and pressure and velocity contours. This analysis provides insights into how a scaffold's architecture affects fluid flow, offering valuable information about permeability, fluid velocity, and WSS [146,147].…”