Mechanical properties of a carbon nanotube fixed at a tip apex: A frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy study

Dietzel, Dirk; Marsaudon, Sophie; Aimé, Jean‐Pierre; Nguyen, Cattien V.; Couturier, G.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.035445

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This expression is identical to the one obtained without using development in Fourier coecients [23,24]. Figure 5a shows the variation of the relative repulsive frequency shift as a function of the normalized distance for two CNT bending stiness k r .…”

Section: Vertical Forces Acting On the Nanotube In Intermittent Contactsupporting

confidence: 65%

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Competition of elastic and adhesive properties of carbon nanotubes anchored to atomic force microscopy tips

Bernard¹,

Marsaudon²,

Boisgard³

et al. 2007

Nanotechnology

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In this paper we address the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes anchored to atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips in a detailed analysis of experimental results and exhaustive description of a simple model. We show that volume elastic and surface adhesive forces both contribute to the dynamical AFM experimental signals. Their respective weight depends on the nanotube properties and on an experimental parameter : the oscillation amplitude. To quantify the elastic and adhesive contributions, a simple analytical model is used. It enables analytical expressions of the resonance frequency shift and dissipation that can be measured in atomic force microscopy dynamical frequency modulation mode. It includes the nanotube adhesive contribution to the frequency shift. Experimental data for single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes compare well to the model predictions for dierent oscillation amplitudes. Three parameters can be extracted : the distance necessary to unstick the nanotube from the surface and two spring constants corresponding to tube compression and to elastic force required to overcome the adhesion force.

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Section: Vertical Forces Acting On the Nanotube In Intermittent Contactsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…In contrary to the pure elastic case [23], the presence of the normalized distance δ in the attractive parts (table 1) 1. no interaction : rst the CNT does not interact with the surface, the resonance frequency is the oscillator free one, the frequency shift is null and no additional dissipation occurs.…”

Section: Amplitude Inuencementioning

confidence: 81%

Competition of elastic and adhesive properties of carbon nanotubes anchored to atomic force microscopy tips

Bernard¹,

Marsaudon²,

Boisgard³

et al. 2007

Nanotechnology

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show abstract

“…The frictional response is well known to have a large contribution from the viscous character of the material being imaged (17,19). Some investigators have examined response functions by characterizing friction and/or wear under repeated scanning with variable loads (13,33), providing information on the viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties of a material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Cohesiveness Measurement Using a Novel Atomic Force Microscopy Methodology

Ahimou¹,

Semmens²,

Novak³

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

117

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Biofilms can be undesirable, as in those covering medical implants, and beneficial, such as when they are used for waste treatment. Because cohesive strength is a primary factor affecting the balance between growth and detachment, its quantification is essential in understanding, predicting, and modeling biofilm development. In this study, we developed a novel atomic force microscopy (AFM) method for reproducibly measuring, in situ, the cohesive energy levels of moist 1-day biofilms. The biofilm was grown from an undefined mixed culture taken from activated sludge. The volume of biofilm displaced and the corresponding frictional energy dissipated were determined as a function of biofilm depth, resulting in the calculation of the cohesive energy. Our results showed that cohesive energy increased with biofilm depth, from 0.10 ؎ 0.07 nJ/m 3 to 2.05 ؎ 0.62 nJ/m 3 . This observation was reproducible, with four different biofilms showing the same behavior. Cohesive energy also increased from 0.10 ؎ 0.07 nJ/m 3 to 1.98 ؎ 0.34 nJ/m 3 when calcium (10 mM) was added to the reactor during biofilm cultivation. These results agree with previous reports on calcium increasing the cohesiveness of biofilms. This AFM-based technique can be performed with available off-the-shelf instrumentation. It could therefore be widely used to examine biofilm cohesion under a variety of conditions.It is essential to understand biofilm stability to both encourage biofilm maintenance in some applications, such as waste treatment, and effectively remove undesired biofilm in others, as in biofilms covering medical implants. Biofilm detachment is one of the critical factors that balance growth and plays a role in the development of biofilm spatial heterogeneity. While factors responsible for biofilm growth are well studied (16,29,39,42,43), those controlling the detachment process are not clearly understood (28,36,38). As a consequence, a good understanding of the relationships between operating conditions and biofilm cohesion is lacking. The cohesive strength of the biofilm is influenced by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and specific compounds, such as calcium, which fill the space between microbial cells and bind cells together (23,30). Understanding the cohesive interactions in the biofilm matrix under a variety of conditions could lead to the design of new strategies for controlling biofilm development based on disrupting or protecting the matrix holding the biofilm together.Because cohesive strength is a primary factor affecting biofilm sloughing, its quantification is essential in understanding detachment. A few methods based on the use of custom devices have been proposed to investigate biofilm cohesive strength. Poppele and Hozalski (31) measured the tensile strength levels of biofilms from activated sludge by using a micromechanical device based on the deflection of a glass micropipette separating a microbial aggregate held by suction. Körstgens et al. (22) used a uniaxial compression measurement device to determine the yield st...

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“…Table II summarizes the device dimensions and the measured spring constants. The values range between 3 to 70 N/m, which is significantly higher when compared to the spring constants of previously reported MWCNT devices [42,43,46]. The spring constant of the AFM tips used were about 100 N/m.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…However, even with the spacing as low as 50 nm, the resistance due to the oversprayed film was in the MΩ range, which is significantly higher than the resistance of the CNTS, showing thus a negligible effect of Pt overspray on the measured resistance CNT devices. We characterized five devices for their mechanical properties using AFM imaging and FD measurements [42][43][44][45]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of MWCNT-Based Bridge Devices

Chappanda

Batra

Holguín‐Lerma

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology

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Abstract-Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most actively researched structural materials due to their interesting electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Unlike single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), little work has been focused on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their potential for practical devices. Here, we have fabricated bridgeshape devices integrating MWCNTs (> 50 nm in outer diameter) using three processes: optical lithography, electron beam-induced platinum deposition, and surface micromachining. Each device consists of a doubly-clamped nanotube suspended over gold electrodes on a highly conductive Si substrate. The suspended nanotubes are characterized individually using Raman spectroscopy and semiconductor parameters analysis and, overall, show, high crystallinity and low electrical resistance. The spring constants of doubly-clamped nanotubes were characterized using atomic force microscopy force−displacement measurements, with values as high as 70 N/m observed. Highly stiff MWCNTs are promising for a variety of applications, such as resonators and electrical interconnects. Through simulations, we estimate the resonance frequencies and pull-in voltages of these suspended nano-structures. The dependence of key parameters, such as the nanotube's length, Young's modulus, axial stress, and wall thickness is also discussed.

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Mechanical properties of a carbon nanotube fixed at a tip apex: A frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy study

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Competition of elastic and adhesive properties of carbon nanotubes anchored to atomic force microscopy tips

Competition of elastic and adhesive properties of carbon nanotubes anchored to atomic force microscopy tips

Biofilm Cohesiveness Measurement Using a Novel Atomic Force Microscopy Methodology

Fabrication and Characterization of MWCNT-Based Bridge Devices

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