Mechanical Properties of a Single Electrospun Fiber and Its Structures

Gu, Shuai; Wu, Qilin; Ren, Jie; Vancso, Gyula J.

doi:10.1002/marc.200400667

Cited by 135 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…12 Furthermore, such local measurements do not provide input about the dominant mode of deformation and failure of nanofibers in their expected application which is axial stretching. Three-point-bending 12,13 and cantilever bending 14 tests on nanofibers and nanowires have also been reported. These measurements may provide a mean to study the linearly elastic response of a fiber 12,13 and its yield point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel method for mechanical characterization of polymeric nanofibers

Naraghi

Chasiotis

Kahn

et al. 2007

Review of Scientific Instruments

124

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A novel method to perform nanoscale mechanical characterization of highly deformable nanofibers has been developed. A microelectromechanical system ͑MEMS͒ test platform with an on-chip leaf-spring load cell that was tuned with the aid of a focused ion beam was built for fiber gripping and force measurement and it was actuated with an external piezoelectric transducer. Submicron scale tensile tests were performed in ambient conditions under an optical microscope. Engineering stresses and strains were obtained directly from images of the MEMS platform, by extracting the relative rigid body displacements of the device components by digital image correlation. The accuracy in determining displacements by this optical method was shown to be better than 50 nm. In the application of this method, the mechanical behavior of electrospun polyacrylonitrite nanofibers with diameters ranging from 300 to 600 nm was investigated. The stress-strain curves demonstrated an apparent elastic-perfectly plastic behavior with elastic modulus of 7.6± 1.5 GPa and large irreversible strains that exceeded 220%. The large fiber stretch ratios were the result of a cascade of periodic necks that formed during cold drawing of the nanofibers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel method for mechanical characterization of polymeric nanofibers

Naraghi

Chasiotis

Kahn

et al. 2007

Review of Scientific Instruments

124

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“…Sometimes, the difference is enormous and surprising. [3][4][5] For example, Gu et al 4 reported a Young's modulus of 50 GPa for polyacrylonitrile single nanofibers, which is much greater than that of the corresponding cast film (1.2 GPa). Kim et al 5 observed the phenomenon of "necking" with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/montmorillonite nanocomposite electrospun single fibers, whereas PMMA is known as a brittle plastic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Elongation Fiber Mats by Electrospinning of Polyoxymethylene

Zhang

Xiang-zhong

et al. 2008

Macromolecules

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Electrospinning is a recently explored simple and versatile fabrication technique for producing nano-to microscale fibers. The electrospun fiber mats possess a number of characteristics such as high specific surface area, high aspect ratio, and high porosity as a result of random deposition of the fibers, which allow a wide range of potential applications such as optoelectronics, sensor technology, catalysis, filtration, and medicine. 1,2 The mechanical properties of the electrospun fibers or mats are usually different from those of the corresponding bulk materials. Sometimes, the difference is enormous and surprising. [3][4][5] For example, Gu et al. 4 reported a Young's modulus of 50 GPa for polyacrylonitrile single nanofibers, which is much greater than that of the corresponding cast film (1.2 GPa). Kim et al. 5 observed the phenomenon of "necking" with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/montmorillonite nanocomposite electrospun single fibers, whereas PMMA is known as a brittle plastic.Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a versatile engineering plastic. 6,7 It is widely used in automobile and electronic industries due to good properties such as good strength, stiffness, abrasion, and chemical resistance. 8,9 Although almost 100 polymer solutions or melts have been electrospun into fibers, 4 to the best of our knowledge, electrospinning of POM has not yet been reported due to presumably poor solubility in common solvents. However, POM is soluble in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), which is frequently used in electrospinning of natural biopolymers such as collagen and chitin. [10][11][12][13] In this work, electrospinning of POM solutions in HFIP is investigated, and to our surprise, a very high elongation to break was observed with the POM electrospun fiber mats. Figure 1 shows the morphology of the electrospun POM mat obtained from a 5 wt % solution at 30°C with a relative humidity of 40%. The average diameter is 940 nm, and microporous structure was observed with an average pore size of 150 nm. It is well-known that microporous structure is frequently obtained when volatile solvents are used for electrospinning, 14,15 and that high relative humidity also favors formation of pores. 1,16 HFIP is a volatile solvent with a boiling point of 58°C. The formation of microporous structure in the current case is understandable, although the electrospun fibers of biopolymers reported so far have no obvious pores. [10][11][12][13] The mechanical properties of the nonwoven POM electrospun mats were measured by tensile tests after thorough drying at 40°C under vacuum, and a typical load-elongation curve is shown in Figure 2a. Elongation of 460% was observed. For comparison, the elongation at break of bulk POM such as a tensile bar obtained from injection molding is known to be 40-50%, 9 and that of the thin film cast from the same solution used for electrospinning is only 1%. Therefore, the elongation at break of the electrospun nonwoven mat is about 10-fold of that of the bulk tensile bar and about 460-fold of that of the...

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“…Figure 8 shows the typical stress-strain curves of pure PMMA (a) and the PMMA/ACNs nanocomposites (b). The tensile strength, the tensile modulus and the strain at break values are summarized in [27,28]. The aspect ratio of MWNTs was 15, using measurements from transmission electron microscopy images.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofibre-assisted alignment of carbon nanotubes in macroscopic polymer matrix via a scaffold-based method

Chang¹,

Zhao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A facile way for alignment of carbon nanotubes in macroscopic polymer matrix was developed by combining electrospinning and in-situ polymerization. The approach is based on the formation of nanofibre scaffolds with wellaligned arrays, which is filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs will be well aligned in macroscopic polymer matrix when the aligned nanofibre scaffold containing CNTs has been incorporated into the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix by in-situ polymerization. We demonstrate that this scaffold approach is broadly applicable and allows for the fabrication of nanocomposites with accurately aligned nanofillers. The results presented in this report show that the approach is ideal by using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres as a scaffold of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and PMMA as the macroscopic polymer matrix. The tensile strength (7.2 wt% MWNTs/PAN nanofibres loadings) reaches 48.61 MPa, 87% higher than that pure PMMA, and the tensile modulus is increased by 175%.

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Mechanical Properties of a Single Electrospun Fiber and Its Structures

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Novel method for mechanical characterization of polymeric nanofibers

Novel method for mechanical characterization of polymeric nanofibers

High-Elongation Fiber Mats by Electrospinning of Polyoxymethylene

Nanofibre-assisted alignment of carbon nanotubes in macroscopic polymer matrix via a scaffold-based method

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