Mechanical properties of additive manufactured titanium (Ti–6Al–4V) blocks deposited by a solid-state laser and wire

Brandl, Erhard; Palm, Frank; Michailov, Vesselin; Viehweger, Bernd; Leyens, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.06.062

Cited by 212 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Induced residual stresses and distortions (see also Section 2.3.2), inevitable consequences of the welding or metal deposition processing, might also result in local cracking of the part. More specific to layer-by-layer wire deposition processes, mechanical properties that are comparable with cast or even wrought material have been measured (Baufeld et al 2010;Baufeld et al 2011;Brandl et al 2011b;Åkerfeldt et al 2011). Orientation dependency of the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and ductility has been noticed when testing deposited wall structures; higher strength in the vertical direction corresponds to the prior-grains growing direction.…”

Section: Welding and Metal Deposition Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

Murgau

Pederson

Lindgren

2012

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This thesis is devoted to microstructure modelling of Ti-6Al-4V. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of titanium alloys are highly dependent on the temperature history experienced by the material. The developed microstructure model accounts for thermal driving forces and is applicable for general temperature histories. It has been applied to study wire feed additive manufacturing processes that induce repetitive heating and cooling cycles. The microstructure model adopts internal state variables to represent the microstructure through microstructure constituents' fractions in finite element simulation. This makes it possible to apply the model efficiently for large computational models of general thermomechanical processes. The model is calibrated and validated versus literature data. It is applied to Gas Tungsten Arc Welding -also known as Tungsten Inert Gas welding-wire feed additive manufacturing process. Four quantities are calculated in the model: the volume fraction of phase, consisting of Widmanstätten , grain boundary , and martensite . The phase transformations during cooling are modelled based on diffusional theory described by a Johnson-Mehl-AvramiKolmogorov formulation, except for diffusionless martensite formation where the Koistinen-Marburger equation is used. A parabolic growth rate equation is used for the to transformation upon heating. An added variable, structure size indicator of Widmanstätten , has also been implemented and calibrated. It is written in a simple Arrhenius format. The microstructure model is applied to in finite element simulation of wire feed additive manufacturing. Finally, coupling with a physically based constitutive model enables a comprehensive and predictive model of the properties that evolve during processing.

show abstract

Section: Welding and Metal Deposition Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

Murgau

Pederson

Lindgren

2012

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thereby, the cooling rate was faster in vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source using the current process parameters, resulting in a martensite morphology. The diameters of the laser beams in References [9] and [21] were 4.7 mm and 5 mm, which means the size of the molten pool will be at least about 7 mm [9,21]. However, the size of the molten pool was smaller in this paper, about 5 mm; in this case, the heat can dissipate quickly.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 59%

“…Wire and powder are the two main material forms of the Ti-6Al-4V in LAM process [6,9]. SLM (Selective Laser Melting) is a typical LAM method which uses powder as the feedstock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the forming ability of vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source as well as the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated components. storage operation during the manufacturing process [9,10]. Therefore, it has received more attentions in recent research activities [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it has received more attentions in recent research activities [11][12][13][14][15][16]. LAM with wire feeding can be divided into vertical wire feeding and paraxial wire feeding [9,17]. LAM with wire feeding evolved from laser wire feed welding, so paraxial wire feeding accounts for the majority of the wire feeding methods, and the schematic drawing of it is indicated in Figure 1a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Vertical Wire Feeding with Axisymmetric Multi-Laser Source

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source (feeding the wire vertically into the molten pool) has exhibited great advantages over LAM (laser additive manufacturing) with paraxial wire feeding, which has an anisotropic forming problem in different scanning directions. This paper investigates the forming ability of vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated components. It has been found that vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source has a strong forming ability with no anisotropic forming problem when fabricating the complex parts in a three-axis machine tool. Most of the grains in the samples are equiaxed grains, and a small amount of short columnar grains exist which are parallel to each other. The microstructure of the fabricated samples exhibits a fine basket-weave structure and martensite due to the fast cooling rate which was caused by the small size of the molten pool and the additional heat dissipation from the feeding wire. The static tensile test shows that the average ultimate tensile strength is 1140 MPa in the scanning direction and 1115 MPa in the building direction, and the average elongation is about 6% in both directions.

show abstract

Structure‐Property Correlations for Additively Manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V Components Produced Using Directed Energy Deposition Processes

Keist

Taminger

Palmer

2016

Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanical properties of additive manufactured titanium (Ti–6Al–4V) blocks deposited by a solid-state laser and wire

Cited by 212 publications

References 15 publications

A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Vertical Wire Feeding with Axisymmetric Multi-Laser Source

Structure‐Property Correlations for Additively Manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V Components Produced Using Directed Energy Deposition Processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About