Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion

Jonoobi, Mehdi; Harun, Jalaluddin; Mathew, Aji P.; Oksman, Kristiina

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.005

Cited by 755 publications

(439 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The elongation at break was decreased further with the addition of 0.5 wt% of nanosilica. The increase in nanofillers content, which led to the decrease in elongation percentage, is similar to other filled polymer composites (Alemda and Sain 2008;Jonoobi et al 2010). With the addition of nanomaterials, PVA might form either intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the nanofillers.…”

Section: Tensile Strengthsupporting

confidence: 49%

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Nanosilica

et al. 2015

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This work reported the thermomechanical and morphological properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites reinforced with nanosilica and oil palm empty fruit bunches derived nanocellulose. The nanocomposites were characterized by mechanical, thermal, XRD, optical, and morphological studies. Uniformity dispersion of the nanofillers at a 3 wt% concentration has been shown by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the changes in crystallinity were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Addition of nanosilica resulted in increased thermal stability of PVA/nanocellulose composites due to the reduction in mobility of the matrix molecules. Visible light transmission showed that the addition of 0.5 wt% nanosilica only slightly reduced the light transmission of PVA/nanocellulose composites with 3 wt% nanocellulose. The addition of a small concentration of nanosilica successfully improved the tensile and modulus properties of PVA/nanocellulose composite films. The increases in tensile strength and thermal stability were evidence of a nanosilica contribution in PVA/nanocellulose composites, inducing reinforcement, as detected by the thermomechanical properties.

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Section: Tensile Strengthsupporting

confidence: 49%

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Nanosilica

et al. 2015

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“…However, basic electrospinning is still the most commonly reported and used technique within the literature. [9][10][11][12] Electrospun scaffolds provide a quasi-three-dimensional (3D) environment that is mainly dominated by cell interactions in horizontal directions. Closely deposited nanofibers can create dense mats limiting cell in-growth within the scaffold and thereby, providing a limited 3D platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airbrushed Composite Polymer Zr-ACP Nanofiber Scaffolds with Improved Cell Penetration for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Hoffman

Škrtić²,

Sun³

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

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Electrospun polymer nanofibers have multiple applications in the tissue engineering field despite limited cell penetration within the scaffolds and slow synthesis rates. Airbrushing, a proposed alternative to traditional electrospinning, is a technique capable of synthesizing open structure nanofiber scaffolds at high rates. In this study, three biocompatible polymers-poly-D,L-lactic acid (P-DL-LA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), were airbrushed to form networks for bone tissue regeneration. All three polymers were loaded with up to 20% (w/w) zirconium-modified amorphous calcium phosphate (Zr-ACP). A simple one-step mix and straightforward material deposition yielded open structure networks with welldistributed Zr-ACP. Cell penetration within the airbrushed scaffolds was found to be more than twice the cell penetration within conventional electrospun networks. The airbrushed polymer network supported cell growth and differentiation. Cells grown on the Zr-ACP in P-DL-LA fibers exhibited improved levels of osteocalcin protein with an increase in the Zr-ACP content by day 16. This airbrushing method promises to be a viable and attractive alternative to currently used electrospinning techniques in the formation of composite 3D nanofiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

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“…12,[14][15][16][17] Pri ekstruzijskem postopku se soo~amo s problematiko nehomogene porazdelitve oja~itvene faze po polimerni osnovi, kar poslab{a kakovost in trajnost nastalih materialov. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Pomembno omejitev uporabe NFC v tak{nih sistemih predstavlja medij shranjevanja, ki je voda, in hidrofilna povr{ina NFC, zaradi katere jo te`ko dispergiramo v medijih nepolarnega zna~aja. 5 Me{anje NFC in polimerov razli~nega izvora je zato v ve~ini primerov omejeno na vodna ali polarna okolja, 17 tehnologije predelave pa na laboratorijsko merilo.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Vpliv dodatka nanofibrilirane celuloze na mehanske lastnosti poli(3-hidroksibutirata)

Žepič¹,

Fabjan²,

Poljanšek³

et al. 2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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Namen prispevka temelji na inovativnem postopku izdelave nanokompozitov na osnovi poli(3-hidroksibutirata) (PHB) in nanofibrilirane celuloze (NFC). Raziskovalno delo obravnava pripravo koncentratnih me{anic PHB-prahu in NFC v vodni raztopini za tehnologijo ekstruzijskega me{anja. Ekstrudat koncentrirane me{anice PHB/NFC je bil nato uporabljen kot dodatek h granulirani obliki PHB pri pripravi brizganih vzorcev z razli~nimi ute`nimi dele`i NFC. V prispevku so podane dolo~ene omejitve pri predelavi tovrstnih materialov in predlagane uporabne re{itve za njihovo optimiziranje. Morfolo{ke lastnosti nanokompozitnih komponent smo raziskali z elektronsko mikroskopijo (FE-SEM), mehanske lastnosti pa z nateznim preizkusom. Morfolo{ka preiskava koncentratnih me{anic je razkrila prepleteno sestavo celuloznih nanofibril in polimernih kroglic, prĩ emer se posamezne fibrile prepletajo v obliki {ir{ih pramenov in ustvarjajo videz zamre`ene strukture znotraj polimerne komponente. Mikroskopski posnetki nanokompozitnih me{anic in izbolj{ane mehanske lastnosti izhodnih materialov potrjujejo, da je adhezivni stik med matri~no in oja~itveno komponento dose`en, porazdelitev celuloznih nanofibril po polimerni osnovi pa homogena. Nanokompoziti z visokimi ute`nimi dele`i NFC (10 % ute`nega dele`a) dosegajo pomembno ve~je vrednosti modula elasti~nosti (Et = 1720 MPa) in raztezka pri pretrgu (eb = 3,1 %) ter prenesejo vi{je pretr`ne napetosti (sM = 26 MPa) v primerjavi z referen~nim polimernim vzorcem (Et = 1340 MPa; eb = 2,4 %; sM = 20 MPa). Rezultati {tudije dokazujejo, da je ob pravilni predpripravi polimernih me{anic in optimizaciji tehnologije ekstruzijske predelave, mogo~e izdelati trdne in`ilave materiale, pri~emer dele`oja~itvene faze narekuje stopnjo izbolj{ave kon~nih lastnosti biopolimerne osnove. Klju~ne besede: nanofibrilirana celuloza, poli(3-hidroksibutirat), morfologija, mehanske lastnosti, ekstruzija, tehnologija brizganja In this paper a novel processing route for nanocomposites, based on (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), is presented. To obtain a uniform dispersion of the reinforcing filler, a PHB powder was first dispersed in water, mixed with an NFC aqueous suspension and then freeze dried to eliminate the water phase from the ensuing system. The dried batch was then extruded and added to the granulated PHB in different weight proportions. Nanocomposites with various NFC contents were subsequently produced with the injection-moulding technology. The processing limits and feasible solutions for their optimization are thoroughly described within this work. Morphological properties were investigated with FE-SEM, while mechanical properties were determined via a tensile test. SEM images showed that the PHB powder can be effectively incorporated into the mesh of cellulose nanofibrils, as clearly evident by the interlaced structure of individual fibrils with the average lateral dimensions of 69±14 nm. Improved mechanical properties and SEM observations confirmed a good interfacial adhesion and uni...

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Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion

Cited by 755 publications

References 30 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Nanosilica

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Nanosilica

Airbrushed Composite Polymer Zr-ACP Nanofiber Scaffolds with Improved Cell Penetration for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Vpliv dodatka nanofibrilirane celuloze na mehanske lastnosti poli(3-hidroksibutirata)

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