Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements after Incorporation of Marine Derived Hydroxyapatite

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from cuttlefish bone on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GIC). Fuji II LC and Fuji IX GP Extra (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used in the study. There were four groups (n = 11–18) for each material: a group without the addition of HA particles and three groups modified by incorporation of 2, 5, and 10 wt% HA. The tests were performed on a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Duisburg, Germany) and descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the comparison of three mechanical properties, and one-way ANOVA for the comparison of different concentrations for each material were performed. Regarding the Fuji IX groups, compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were highest in the group without HA particles added. The differences in CS between the Fuji IX group without HA particles and the Fuji IX groups with 2 wt% HA and 10 wt% HA were significant. The Fuji II 5 wt% HA group exhibited higher diametral tensile strength (DTS) and CS than other Fuji II groups, but not significantly. The Fuji II group, modified with 10 wt% HA, exhibited significantly higher FS than the Fuji II group without HA particles (p < 0.05). Porous HA incorporated into the Fuji IX groups had a significant impact on mechanical properties only in the Fuji IX 5 wt% HA group. Fuji II groups modified with 10 wt% HA showed the most favorable results with respect to FS.

Effects of Nanohydroxyapatite Incorporation into Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)

“…Hydrothermal method can be defined as the reaction method in an aqueous media higher than the ambient pressure and temperature [34]. Bilic-Pricic et al [35] incorporated hydroxyapatite derived from cuttlefish using hydrothermal technique into commercially available GIC. The hydroxyapatite obtained from cuttlefish bones were ground and sifted, which leaves the hydroxyapatite powder in a hexagonal column crystal aggregate form.…”

Effects of Incorporation of Marine Derived Hydroxyapatite on the Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Two Glass-ionomer Cements

“…Among many attempts to improve characteristics of GICs by addition of different fillers, porous spherical HA particles have shown promising results [14,15]. HA particles are found in two main forms, nano-and micro-size [24].…”

“…Other modifications to improve mechanical properties are performed with the incorporation of various fillers into cement powder, including hydroxyapatite (HA) [11,12]. Recently, the addition of specific percentages of micro-and nano-HA particles to GICs has shown promising results such as the increase in adhesive strength to dentin [13] and increased flexural strength [14]. Porous spherical HA particles have been shown to increase mechanical properties and the release of fluoride ions most effectively [14,15].…”

“…Recently, the addition of specific percentages of micro-and nano-HA particles to GICs has shown promising results such as the increase in adhesive strength to dentin [13] and increased flexural strength [14]. Porous spherical HA particles have been shown to increase mechanical properties and the release of fluoride ions most effectively [14,15]. HA derived from fish bone was reported to be biocompatible, and with no cytotoxic effect on dental pulp cells if incorporated into material [16].…”

Compressive Strength of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with TiO2 Nano-Powder and Marine-Derived HAp Micro-Powder

“…To improve their inferior physical properties, GICs have undergone various modifications, including increased powder/liquid (p/l) ratio, different particle sizes, and modification with resin [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, several materials have been proposed as GIC additives to enhance physical properties, including titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and others [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. HAp is a major calcified component of bone and hard dental tissues.…”