“…As oxygen carrier materials and semiconducting materials [8,9], ABO 3 perovskite-type oxides have been widely studied due to their various applications as catalyst for oxidation reactions, photocatalyst, oxygen source in membrane separation, cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells, and gas sensors in environmental monitoring applications [10][11][12]. In the perovskite structure, the A site is typically occupied by a rare-earth element, while the B site is occupied by 3d transition metals.…”