Mechanical Properties of Living Cells and Tissues Related to Thermodynamics, Experiments and Quantitative Morphology – A Review

Holeček, Miroslav; Kochová, Petra; Tonar, Zbyněk

doi:10.5772/19437

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The thermodynamic effect of this specialization has only been analyzed in very few cases, and research studies using modeling seem inconclusive in this context [ 120 ]. In more complex organisms, the organs appear as highly structured and specialized tissues with individual functional contributions to the life of the organism, which at first glance may appear to be costly in a thermodynamic sense.…”

Section: Thermodynamics In Biological Hierarchiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Entropy of Entropy: Are We Talking about the Same Thing?

Nielsen,

Müller

2023

Entropy

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In the last few decades, the number of published papers that include search terms such as thermodynamics, entropy, ecology, and ecosystems has grown rapidly. Recently, background research carried out during the development of a paper on “thermodynamics in ecology” revealed huge variation in the understanding of the meaning and the use of some of the central terms in this field—in particular, entropy. This variation seems to be based primarily on the differing educational and scientific backgrounds of the researchers responsible for contributions to this field. Secondly, some ecological subdisciplines also seem to be better suited and applicable to certain interpretations of the concept than others. The most well-known seems to be the use of the Boltzmann–Gibbs equation in the guise of the Shannon–Weaver/Wiener index when applied to the estimation of biodiversity in ecology. Thirdly, this tendency also revealed that the use of entropy-like functions could be diverted into an area of statistical and distributional analyses as opposed to real thermodynamic approaches, which explicitly aim to describe and account for the energy fluxes and dissipations in the systems. Fourthly, these different ways of usage contribute to an increased confusion in discussions about efficiency and possible telos in nature, whether at the developmental level of the organism, a population, or an entire ecosystem. All the papers, in general, suffer from a lack of clear definitions of the thermodynamic functions used, and we, therefore, recommend that future publications in this area endeavor to achieve a more precise use of language. Only by increasing such efforts it is possible to understand and resolve some of the significant and possibly misleading discussions in this area.

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Section: Thermodynamics In Biological Hierarchiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Entropy of Entropy: Are We Talking about the Same Thing?

Nielsen,

Müller

2023

Entropy

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“…Tissues also exhibit varying levels (and consistency) of fluid, both intracellular and extracellular. This is important, as deformation of tissue is accompanied by redistribution of this fluid (Hole cek et al 2011). These factors, together with the physical properties of the intracellular structural framework (actin, myosin) and extracellular matrix (calcified and non-calcified), present significant challenges for the creators of 3D printing materials.…”

Section: Challenges and Limitations In Replicating Bodily Tissues Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors, together with the physical properties of the intracellular structural framework (actin, myosin) and extracellular matrix (calcified and non-calcified), present significant challenges for the creators of 3D printing materials. The viscoelastic properties of tissues (hysteresis, creep and stress relaxation) result from biopolymers and the presence of intracellular and extracellular fluid (Hole cek et al 2011). Multiple materials (within each tissue type) may therefore be needed when replicating particular anatomical structures, e.g.…”

Section: Challenges and Limitations In Replicating Bodily Tissues Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscoelastic properties of tissues ( hysteresis , creep and stress relaxation ) result from biopolymers and the presence of intracellular and extracellular fluid (Holeček et al. ). Multiple materials (within each tissue type) may therefore be needed when replicating particular anatomical structures, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advances in this area require knowledge of both engineering and a familiarity with the physical and biomechanical properties of each of the various human tissues. Although the biomechanical properties of some tissues have been reported (Sunderland & Bradley, 1961a;Sunderland, 1965;Diamant et al 1972;Mozersky et al 1972;Mow et al 1984;Mosler et al 1985;McBride et al 1988;Rydevik et al 1990;Millesi et al 1995;Driscoll et al 2002;Korhonen et al 2002;Maganaris, 2002;Lieber et al 2003;Currey, 2004;Liebschner, 2004;Phillips et al 2004;Imer et al 2009;Van Loocke et al 2009;Krasi nski et al 2010;Morrow et al 2010;Rossmann, 2010;Hole cek et al 2011;Topp & Boyd, 2012;Alkhouli et al 2013;Boyer et al 2013;Matschke et al 2013;Lackey et al 2014;Matsuhashi et al 2014;Ottenio et al 2015;Ugbolue et al 2015), a gap exists between this knowledge and its relation to 3D print engineering. This review serves to help address this gap by providing a primer on biomechanical properties of various tissues, an overview of required 3D printing materials, and a summary of the current opportunities and challenges in creating dissectible anatomical prints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in creating dissectible anatomical 3D prints for surgical teaching

et al. 2019

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Three‐dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, is now a widely used tool in pre‐operative planning, surgical teaching and simulator training. However, 3D printing technology that produces models with accurate haptic feedback, biomechanics and visuals for the training surgeon is not currently available. Challenges and opportunities in creating such surgical models will be discussed in this review paper. Surgery requires proper tissue handling as well as knowledge of relevant anatomy. To prepare doctors properly, training models need to take into account the biomechanical properties of the anatomical structures that will be manipulated in any given operation. This review summarises and evaluates the current biomechanical literature as it relates to human tissues and correlates the impact of this knowledge on developing high fidelity 3D printed surgical training models. We conclude that, currently, a printer technology has not yet been developed which can replicate many of the critical qualities of human tissue. Advances in 3D printing technology will be required to allow the printing of multi‐material products to achieve the mechanical properties required.

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