Mechanical Properties of Scrap Tire Crumbs‐Clayey Soil Mixtures Determined by Laboratory Tests

Li, Shanshan; Li, Dayong

doi:10.1155/2018/1742676

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Mixtures of rubber and clay, whereby clay is substituted with rubber in small amounts (less than 30%), have been shown to decrease the maximum dry unit weight and the corresponding optimum moisture content. Positive dilatancy has been observed during shearing, especially at low vertical pressures [42].…”

Section: Conventional Materials Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Granulated Rubber Tyre Waste as Lightweight Backfill Material for Retaining Walls

et al. 2021

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The use of industrial waste in civil engineering applications constitutes a potential innovative effort to reduce environmental degradation and enable a sustainable use of natural resources. This paper reports a comprehensive laboratory study that was performed to evaluate the rubber granulates from End-of-Life Tyres (ELTs) as a lightweight backfill material in retaining walls. Various tests have been performed to provide specific information on the mechanical and physical properties of a detailed range of particle sizes smaller than 12 mm, with six different particle size distributions (S1: 0.0–0.8 mm/S2: 0.6–2.0 mm/S3: 2.0–4.0 mm/S4: 2.0–7.0 mm/S5: 90% 2.0–7.0 mm + 10% 0.6–2.0 mm/S6: 50% 2.0–7.0 mm + 50% 0.6–2.0 mm). The density and unit weight, compaction energy, compressibility, shear strength, and deformability have been evaluated to determine their performance. As a main conclusion, the research confirms that rubber granulates from ELTs possess great potential as backfill material behind retaining walls. The characteristic values of the geotechnical parameters have been estimated according to Eurocode 7. The friction angle results range from 18.27 to 23.21 degrees, and the cohesion results are wide-ranging, with values from 9.35 to 17.83 kPa. For this reason, two cantilever L-shaped retaining walls, selected as representative case studies, have been tested with these sample properties. The results of the geotechnical verifications are presented together with a comparison of the safety factors in accordance with the Spanish standard design (CTE-DB-SE-C) and the European (EC7-1) regulations. The calculations indicate that the overdesign factors (ODF) achieved in the verifications using the material properties of the S4, S5, and S6 combination improve the calculation results obtained if a conventional filler material such as sand is considered.

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Section: Conventional Materials Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Granulated Rubber Tyre Waste as Lightweight Backfill Material for Retaining Walls

et al. 2021

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“…Previous studies have mainly discussed clay-TDA interactions in a way similar to that of clay-sand mixtures, attempting to link the variations of the UCS to changes in cohesion and friction. However, the terminologies employed in this context, such as "interparticle cohesion" and "interparticle friction", are often vague, as they do not explicitly clarify which components of the TDA-blended composite are actually involved in the development of cohesion and friction [2,23,28,29,35]. Conventionally, for clay-sand mixtures, the loss of cohesion at low sand contents is often small, while the increase in friction can be high; consequently, the UCS can increase.…”

Section: Soil-tda Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Geotechnical Behavior of an Expansive Soil Amended with Tire-Derived Aggregates Having Different Gradations

et al. 2020

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This experimental laboratory study examines the potential use of tire-derived aggregate (TDA) products as an additive to alleviate the inferior geotechnical properties of a subgrade deposit of clay soil with high expansivity. A total of ten mix designs—the unamended soil and nine soil–TDA blends prepared at 5%, 10% and 20% TDA contents (by dry mass) using three different TDA gradations/sizes—were examined. The experiments included standard Proctor compaction, oedometer swell and unconfined compression tests. The TDA materials’ lower specific gravity, hydrophobic character and higher energy absorption capacity compared with the soil solids led to notable reductions in the soil compaction characteristics. The amendment of the soil with TDA resulted in notable decreases in the rate and magnitude of swelling—the observed reductions were in favor of higher TDA contents, with larger TDA particle size being a secondary factor. Further, for any given TDA size, the variations of strength and toughness with respect to TDA content exhibited rise–fall relationships, peaking at 5% TDA and then decreasing for higher TDA contents. The stiffness and ductility parameters, however, were found to monotonically decrease and increase with the TDA content, respectively. Finally, TDA contents of up to 10%, with gradations equivalent to those of medium and coarse sands, were found to reduce the soil’s swelling potential from high to moderate expansivity, while simultaneously improving its strength-related features, and thus can be deemed as optimum mix design choices from a geotechnical perspective.

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“…e mechanical parameters of the foundation such as elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, and the unit weight are equal to 30 GPa, 0.3, and 25 kN/m 3 , respectively [25]. Besides, it should be noted that penalty finite elements are set up in the contact part between the foundation and sand, and the corresponding interface friction angle δ equals 28.8°determined by using the GDS interface shear apparatus [26]. Besides, for numerical simulations of rubber behaviors, the Mooney-Rivlin failure criterion is used in this study.…”

Section: Constitutive Model and Sandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity of Cone‐Shaped Hollow Flexible Reinforced Concrete Foundation (CHFRF) in Sand under Horizontal Loading

Zhang

2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The cone-shaped hollow flexible reinforced concrete foundation (CHFRF) is an innovative type of mountain wind turbine foundation, which outperforms the regular mountain wind turbine foundation in reducing the steel and concrete and protecting the surrounding vegetation for the cavity absorbs soil obtained from excavating the foundation pit. Moreover, the rubber layer installed between the wall of CHFRF and the surrounding ground increases foundation flexibility and releases the larger overturning moment induced by wind. The rubber layer is made of alternately laminated rubber and steel. The objectives of this research are to study the lateral bearing behaviors of the CHFRF under monotonic and cyclic lateral loading in sand by model tests and FEM simulations. The results reveal that the CHFRF rotates during loading; and, in the ultimate state, the rotation center is located at a depth of approximately 0.6–0.65 times the foundation height and is 0.15–0.18 times the diameter of the foundation away from its centerline as well. The lateral bearing capacity of the CHFRF improves with the increase of embedded depth and vertical load applied to the foundation. Moreover, compared to the CHFRF without the rubber layer, the rubber layer can reduce the earth pressure along the wall of CHFRF by 22% and decrease the deformed range of the soil surrounding the foundation, revealing that it can reduce the loads transferred to the surrounding soil for extending the service life of the foundation. However, the thickness and stiffness of the rubber layer are important factors influencing the lateral bearing capacity and the energy dissipation of the foundation. Moreover, it should be noted that the energy dissipation mainly comes from the steel of the rubber layer rather than rubber.

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Mechanical Properties of Scrap Tire Crumbs‐Clayey Soil Mixtures Determined by Laboratory Tests

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Use of Granulated Rubber Tyre Waste as Lightweight Backfill Material for Retaining Walls

Use of Granulated Rubber Tyre Waste as Lightweight Backfill Material for Retaining Walls

Improved Geotechnical Behavior of an Expansive Soil Amended with Tire-Derived Aggregates Having Different Gradations

Capacity of Cone‐Shaped Hollow Flexible Reinforced Concrete Foundation (CHFRF) in Sand under Horizontal Loading

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