Mechanical properties of single crystalline and glassy lithium triborate

Shakhverdova, I. P.; Paufler, P.; Бубнова, Р. С.; Филатов, С. К.; Levin, A. A.; Meyer, Dirk C.

doi:10.1002/crat.200711104

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…H S reaches minimum for scratches parallel [010]. Indentation nanohardness H, however, followed the order H 001 <H 010 ≈ H 100 [38,40], and for Meyer microhardness H M 011 < H M 010 < H M 100 was found [38]. Hence the anisotropy of indentation microhardness is in agreement with indentation nanohardness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The samples used for the present work were the same as those described in our previous study on mechanical properties [38]. Plate-like samples (average size ~15 x 20 x 3 mm…”

Section: Example Lib 3 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LiB 3 O 5 and its preparation Lithium triborate LiB 3 O 5 (LBO) has recently attracted interest due to its nonlinear optical properties (see also [38]). It is of orthorhombic symmetry (space group (33) Pna2 1 , lattice parameters a = 8.444 Å, b = 7.378 Å, c = 5.146 Å [39] under ambient conditions) and crystallises in the LiB 3 O 5 structure prototype.…”

Section: Example Lib 3 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB₃O₅

Paufler¹,

Shakhverdova

Бубнова

et al. 2008

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Though simple scratch hardness tests after Mohs are still used today, the development of diamond nanoscratching equipment offers new possibilities to meet demands of modern nanotechnology. Preceding approaches to assign hardness values to materials are briefly reviewed, and scratch hardness is related to indentation hardness. Taking single-crystalline LiB 3 O 5 as an example, the dependence of scratch morphology on the direction of scratching is demonstrated quantitatively. The coefficient of friction depends on normal load and varies between 0.25 and 0.37. Moreover, it is oscillating during scratching thus reflecting processes at nanoscale. Dislocation etch pits were observed due to scratching. Scratching in the pastAt the end of the 17 th century people were already aware of the varying resistance of minerals and other materials against mechanical loading, in particular against scratching. Huygens (1690) noticed the fascinating fact that the cleavage plane of calcite may be scratched when moving the knife forward and may not when moving it in the opposite direction [1]. In 1722 Réaumur [2] differentiated the quality of steel, instead of testing it with the aid of a file, by scratching with seven different kinds of reference materials. Moreover, he prepared a steel bar with increasing hardness from one end to the other. The degree of hardness was attributed to the specimen according to the position on the bar which the specimen could scratch first. Linné (1768 and 1793) listed a number of terms relevant for an appropriate terminology of the mechanics of solids which has been adopted by other writers [3]. Then Werner [4] introduced in 1774 four categories of hardness (hard, semihard, soft, very soft) defined by the behaviour of the material when scratched by a knife or a file using gauge minerals for comparison. Following Werner, Hauy classified minerals according to their ability to scratch each other, assigning four grades to the materials scratching quartz, glass or calcite and those not scratching calcite, respectively [5].Almost 200 years ago, in 1812 Carl Friedrich Christian Mohs published the first approach to the hardness scale still used today [6]. He considered hardness (combined with several other properties) as a distinguishing feature of solids. Later he introduced, on the basis of the definition of hardness, the ten-stage hardness scale (now named after him) and instructions for its realisation [7] (His definition reads:' Härte ist der Widerstand,welchen die festen Mineralien der Verschiebung ihrer Theile entgegensetzen. Die Größe dieses Widerstandes heißt Grad der Härte.'; "...daß jedes Mineral, welches ein anderes ritzt, von demselben aber nicht geritzt wird, härter als dieses sey..."; For a biography cf. Rösler [18]). Pansner (1813) was seemingly not aware of Mohs' scale when he proposed a subdivision of all minerals into four hardness classes (represented by diamond, steel, copper, and lead etalons) with the additional subsubdivision into mass density subclasses [8]. The anisotropy of the depth...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The samples used for the present work were the same as those described in our previous study on mechanical properties [38]. Plate-like samples (average size ~15 x 20 x 3 mm…”

Section: Example Lib 3 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Example Lib 3 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB₃O₅

Paufler¹,

Shakhverdova

Бубнова

et al. 2008

Cryst. Res. Technol.

Self Cite

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“…6. The theoretical fracture limit of a material is sometimes given as one tenth of Young modulus: in the case of LBO, with a Young modulus of about 140 GPa [12], the fracture threshold should be 14 GPa. This fracture threshold corresponds to the force required to break atomic bonds.…”

Section: Mechanical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical phase matching of birefringent non-linear crystals

Deyra¹,

Balembois²,

Guilbaud³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

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Second-order nonlinear processes such as second harmonic generation or parametric amplification have found numerous applications in the scientific and industrial world, from micromachining to petawatt laser facilities. These nonlinear interactions are mostly carried out in birefringent crystals because of their low cost and the possibility to operate at high powers Phase-matching configurations in birefringent crystals are determined by their refractive indexes. Here, we show that an important mechanical stress can be used to significantly change the phase-matching properties of a birefringent crystal. As an example, we demonstrate the shift of second harmonic non-critical phase matching wavelength of LiB3O5 (LBO) crystal at room temperature from 1200 nm to 1120 nm by applying compressive forces up to 100 MPa. We believe that this mechanical phase matching can be used as an additional degree of freedom to optimize nonlinear optical frequency mixing geometries.

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“…For experimental details we refer to [22]. Applying the procedure of [23], hardness H and the (reduced) Young's modulus E r were evaluated.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterization With the Aid Of Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulus and Hardness Change of Silicon and Sapphire Substrates by TiC/VC Multilayer Coatings

Belger¹,

Reibold²,

Paufler³

2012

MSA

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The nanohardness H of multilayer specimens TiC/VC@Si and TiC/VC@Sapphire prepared by Pulsed-Laser-Deposition is investigated to check the existence of a superlattice effect as known from TiN/VN multilayers. In the present work the multilayer period thickness  varies between 1.34 nm and 24.8 nm (total layer thickness t ≈ 200 nm). Unlike Young's modulus E, H is enhanced, regardless of t, by covering Si as well as sapphire with a TiC/VC multilayer; the relative load carrying capacity being larger for Si. The maximum value of H obtained is 38 GPa for TiC/VC@Sapphire.It is observed for a multilayer thickness of   10 nm. Hardness of TiC/VC@Sapphire obeys, after annealing, a Hall-Petch relation H = 35.25 + 6.945  -0.5 (H in GPa und   10 nm). From orientation dependent X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray reflection records, short-range order and layer geometry are derived. These analyses reveal a continuous approach of interatomic distances Ti-C and V-C for deceasing multilayer periods. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that multilayers are nanostructured, i.e., not only TiC/VC phase boundaries but also subgrains represent obstacles against plastic deformation. Dislocations play a major role as sources of internal stress and vehicles of plasticity.

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Mechanical properties of single crystalline and glassy lithium triborate

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB₃O₅

About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB₃O₅

Mechanical phase matching of birefringent non-linear crystals

Modulus and Hardness Change of Silicon and Sapphire Substrates by TiC/VC Multilayer Coatings

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Mechanical properties of single crystalline and glassy lithium triborate

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB3O5

About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB3O5

Mechanical phase matching of birefringent non-linear crystals

Modulus and Hardness Change of Silicon and Sapphire Substrates by TiC/VC Multilayer Coatings

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Product

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About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB₃O₅

About 200 years after Mohs – Nanoscratching LiB₃O₅