Mechanical properties of tire reclaimed rubber/NR blends: Effect of blend ratios

Saimi, N. S. S.; Mamauod, Siti Nur Liyana; Majid, Noor Aishatun; Sarkawi, Siti Salina; Abidin, Zafirah Zainal

doi:10.1063/5.0044664

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Polymer blending is where two or more types of rubber are blended together to produce a new type of material that has excellent properties and are not found in individual rubber component [1]- [2]. By using this method, a newly developed material can be created, and polymer blending can be utilized to substitute present-day virgin polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) Blended with Different Loadings of Butyl Reclaimed Rubber (BRR)

Mamauod

2024

JMechE

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Reclaimed rubber (RR) from butyl tubes was evaluated as a partial and full replacement of a virgin rubber which is carboxylated nitrile butadiene (XNBR). This study involves the blending of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber with butyl reclaimed rubber (XNBR/BRR) in various loadings andcured with sulfur by using a two-roll mill. The objective is to investigate the effect of RR loading on crosslink density and mechanical properties of XNBR/BRR blends. The mechanical properties such as hardness, rebound resilience, tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus were evaluated. In this study, the amount of reclaimed rubber varied from 0 phr to 161 phr. The results showed that the rebound resilience, tear strength, and tensile strength had a reduction of 43%, 27%, and 67%, respectively. Also, the hardness and modulus increased by 17% and 60% each. As for the elongation at break, it had a decrease of 69% and then an increment of about 77%. These results appeared due to the low molecular 1 weight of the BRR800 and the presence of processing oil and carbon black in the reclaimed rubber itself. This study could prove that reclaimed rubber can be fully utilized by putting it to good use in producing good quality rubber-based products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) Blended with Different Loadings of Butyl Reclaimed Rubber (BRR)

Mamauod

2024

JMechE

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“…The incorporation of reclaimed rubber in rubber formulations reduces the cost of rubber compounds by lowering the loading level of virgin rubber. Previous researchers have studied the blending of reclaimed rubber with various types of virgin rubbers including NR [10][11][12][13], BR [10,14], SBR [15][16][17][18], ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) [19,20], acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) [21,22]. It can be seen that most of the studies have been focused on blending reclaimed rubber with nonpolar rubbers as they have a closer polarity, whereas, blending with polar rubber remains quite inadequate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Performance of Wood Adhesive with Waste Rubber Tire

et al. 2023

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Reclaimed rubber (RR) from waste tires was introduced as a wood adhesive by blending with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). To improve the polarity of RR and compatibility with ENR, maleic anhydride (MA) was grafted onto RR chains. Influences of RR and RR-g-MA (maleic anhydride grafted reclaimed rubber) on the adhesion of wood adhesive along with their properties such as crosslinking, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and wettability were studied. It was found that RR and RR-g-MA affect the vulcanization of ENR by increasing crosslink density. Especially, in the case of using RR-g-MA generates a new form of an ester linkage. The higher crosslink density together with the formation of ester linkages results in superior thermal stability by the addition of RR-g-MA. In addition, the incorporation of RR exhibited an increase in the lap shear strength when compared with the pure ENR. This improvement is due to the increased crosslink density because the presence of RR resulted in the enhanced cohesive strength of rubber adhesive. Additionally, the incorporation of RR-g-MA showed higher efficiency to improve the adhesion of rubber adhesive. The addition of RR-g-MA has not only enhanced the cohesive strength of rubber adhesive, but also increased the adhesive strength from the interaction between the hydroxy group in cellulose on the wood surface and the polar functional group (i.e., oxirane rings of ENR, maleic group of RR-g-MA and ester group of ester linkage) of rubber adhesive. Therefore, the cohesive fracture was observed in ENR/RR-g-MA adhesive. HIGHLIGHTS The worn-out rubber tire as a mass waste can be utilized to develop effective adhesives The addition of maleic anhydride grafted reclaimed rubber caused to generate new ester linkage between epoxidized natural rubber chains The epoxidized natural rubber vulcanizates with maleic anhydride grafted reclaimed rubber showed superior thermal stability The addition of maleic anhydride grafted reclaimed rubber enhanced the adhesive strength of rubber adhesive from the interaction between hydroxy group in cellulose on the wood surface and the polar functional group of rubber adhesive GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea‐Derived Devulcanized Rubber on the Properties of Natural Rubber/Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber Blends

Mnyango,

Hlangothi,

Mabuto

et al. 2024

Macro Materials & Eng

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The current study serves to demonstrate the potential utilization of devulcanized rubber produced using Tulbaghia violacea Harv. in a supercritical media. The devulcanized rubber, ranging from 5 to 35 wt% is incorporated into virgin natural rubber (NR)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) blends. The effect of devulcanized rubber addition is assessed by evaluating variations in the curing characteristics, physical attributes, morphologies, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical analysis of several vulcanized blends. The findings indicate a reduction in the blends' curing characteristics with an increase in devulcanized rubber proportion, except for minimum torque. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, and rebound resilience decrease, while the tensile moduli and stiffness exhibit an increase with an increase in devulcanized rubber proportion. The observed decline in mechanical property is associated with failure points identified through surface fracture imaging. Additionally, an increase in crosslink density and hardness aligned with the alterations in dynamic mechanical properties as the proportion of devulcanized rubber is increased. The study suggests that the rubber devulcanized with T. violacea Harv.—when blended with virgin NR/SBR blends—could be tailored for specific applications.

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Mechanical properties of tire reclaimed rubber/NR blends: Effect of blend ratios

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Preliminary Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) Blended with Different Loadings of Butyl Reclaimed Rubber (BRR)

Preliminary Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) Blended with Different Loadings of Butyl Reclaimed Rubber (BRR)

Improving the Performance of Wood Adhesive with Waste Rubber Tire

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea‐Derived Devulcanized Rubber on the Properties of Natural Rubber/Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber Blends

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