“…As an alternative to analytical approaches, disc springs have been modelled using FE simulations [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 30 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. FE simulations are computationally more expensive than analytical approaches.…”