“…Nevertheless, upon 2 h of HTC, the material starts a process of rigidity growth, absorbing less impact energy during the failure. 4 Figure 11.Resistance to impact of rPP, rPP/FS0, rPP/FS1, rPP/FS2, rPP/FS3, rPP/FS4, rPP/FS5, and rPP/FS6 with addition of 10% and 20% of raw and HTC-treated sisal fibers. Different lower case letters indicate statistical differences between the groups for the composite 10%; different capital letters indicate statistical differences between the groups for the composite 20%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 Polypropylene (PP), used in industry for making plastic packages for food, plastic bags, lids, and labels, is one of the most commonly recycled materials. 3–5 Polymeric matrix composite materials may be produced with the matrix coming from this recycling process and can be reinforced with natural fibers, due to their resistance, low weight, and low cost properties. 6,7 Natural fibers, like sisal fibers, have numberless advantages in relation to synthetic fibers, mainly for being a renewable source and for being biodegradable.…”
The influence of hydrothermal carbonization of sisal fibers on the mechanical properties of composites based on recycled polypropylene matrices was investigated in this paper. The fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The composites, with short fibers randomly distributed, processed by extrusion and injection processes, were characterized using quasi-static tensile and impact mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrothermal carbonized sisal fibers, proved by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, besides increasing the material's crystallinity, caused a larger adherence on the interface fiber/polymer matrix as verified in the scanning electron micrographs. The addition of 10% and 20% of 2 h hydrothermal carbonized sisal fibers treatment produced a composite with, respectively, an increase of 17.9% and 32.2%, on the modulus of elasticity, of 9.25% and 52.3% on the resistance to impact and of 19.06% and 29.85% on yield strength, in comparison to the recycled polypropylene. The hydrothermal carbonization technique changed the concept of recycling the polypropylene allowing new applications to the produced materials due to its mechanical properties.
“…Nevertheless, upon 2 h of HTC, the material starts a process of rigidity growth, absorbing less impact energy during the failure. 4 Figure 11.Resistance to impact of rPP, rPP/FS0, rPP/FS1, rPP/FS2, rPP/FS3, rPP/FS4, rPP/FS5, and rPP/FS6 with addition of 10% and 20% of raw and HTC-treated sisal fibers. Different lower case letters indicate statistical differences between the groups for the composite 10%; different capital letters indicate statistical differences between the groups for the composite 20%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 Polypropylene (PP), used in industry for making plastic packages for food, plastic bags, lids, and labels, is one of the most commonly recycled materials. 3–5 Polymeric matrix composite materials may be produced with the matrix coming from this recycling process and can be reinforced with natural fibers, due to their resistance, low weight, and low cost properties. 6,7 Natural fibers, like sisal fibers, have numberless advantages in relation to synthetic fibers, mainly for being a renewable source and for being biodegradable.…”
The influence of hydrothermal carbonization of sisal fibers on the mechanical properties of composites based on recycled polypropylene matrices was investigated in this paper. The fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The composites, with short fibers randomly distributed, processed by extrusion and injection processes, were characterized using quasi-static tensile and impact mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrothermal carbonized sisal fibers, proved by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, besides increasing the material's crystallinity, caused a larger adherence on the interface fiber/polymer matrix as verified in the scanning electron micrographs. The addition of 10% and 20% of 2 h hydrothermal carbonized sisal fibers treatment produced a composite with, respectively, an increase of 17.9% and 32.2%, on the modulus of elasticity, of 9.25% and 52.3% on the resistance to impact and of 19.06% and 29.85% on yield strength, in comparison to the recycled polypropylene. The hydrothermal carbonization technique changed the concept of recycling the polypropylene allowing new applications to the produced materials due to its mechanical properties.
“…The results of the tensile test for the sample of PP n RHA and PP n SBA composite samples are presented in Table 4, where the conservation of the properties is appreciated, which is attributed to the good dispersion of the particles within the matrix by the presence of the coupling agent (PP-g-MA) which in turn it facilitates the transfer of properties between both materials, allowing the ash particles which present high stiffness to generate difficulty in the deformation of composites, making them less ductile [24] . This way, the addition of ashes to PP lead to the increses of stiffness with values over to 50% in composite materials with respect to the reprocessed starting materials (see Table 3) [25] . The stiffness in the PP n SBA was more notorious in a 25% than the PP n RHA.…”
The life cycle of a product depends to a great extent on its reuse and ease of recycling. This work had developed of composite materials of reprocessed polypropylene composites with rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) through the coextrusion and injection processes as main purpose. The polymeric matrix was reprocesed until six generations by the injection technique. The reprocessed PP was mixed in 80:20 proportions with respect to filler mineral, using maleic anhydride as coupling agent in a coextrusion machine. The new series of composite materials were analyzed thermal, mechanical, rheological and morphologically. The incorporation of ashes in the PP matrix achieved characteristics of improved tensile strength, conserving the thermal properties. For this reason, this work presents an alternative for the manufacture of composite materials from post-industrial waste.
“…Another technological proposal involves the elaboration of a composite from the molten mixture of printed plastic films, polymer materials, fibers, and inorganic fillers. 5,6 The last proposal includes the energy recovery of the mixture of multiple plastic products that could not be recycled; this inorganic fraction of the urban solid waste is used as a source of thermal energy for the cement industry. 7…”
Recycling printed polypropylene (PP) labels and printed polyolefins (PO) caps as a chemical foaming agent to produce foam products is studied. An experimental Taguchi L16 design with seven experimental variables involved is used: talc content and screw angular velocity, at four experimental levels; extrusion temperature profile and extruded formulations, at three levels; and, type of label washing process, the use of metal mesh and the type of label drying process, at two levels. As control variables, the morphology of the cells and the density of the foamed products are utilized. The labels/caps mixture was composed of 21% printed PP labels and 79% printed polyolefin caps. Part of the pigments from the ink labels and some polar groups of low-molecular-weight materials present in the molten polymer were partially decomposed at the PP processing temperatures, which contributes to the cell formation and growth of the extruded foams. The labels/caps mixture generated large ellipsoidal and elongated cells (740 µm) oriented in the extrusion direction because of the presence of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and EVA in the recycled PP caps and labels. The experimental factors that influenced the foam density were the screw angular velocity and temperature, and the cell morphology depended on the matrix crystallinity and melt strength.
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