Mechanical stress in the inner bark of 15 tropical tree species and the relationship with anatomical structure

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that the inner bark is implicated in the postural control of inclined tree stems through the interaction between wood radial growth and tangential expansion of a trellis fiber network in bark. Assessing the taxonomic extent of this mechanism requires a screening of the diversity in bark anatomy and mechanical stress. The mechanical state of bark was measured in 15 tropical tree species from various botanical families on vertical mature trees, and related to the anatomical structure of the bark. Significant tensile or compressive longitudinal stresses were observed in the stems of most species. Tensile longitudinal stress was observed in various botanical families and was always associated with fibers arranged in a trellis-like structure and strong dilatation of rays. The highest tensile stress was recorded in species with gelatinous fibers forming a treillis. Compressive stress was typically associated with a large amount of sclereids in the bark, supporting the differentiation of sclereids as a potential origin of the generation of longitudinal compressive stresses in bark. In species exhibiting both a fibrous trellis structure and a significant amount of sclereids, the sign of longitudinal stress may depend on the balance between these two mechanisms.

Diversity of anatomical structure of tension wood among 242 tropical tree species

“…Reaction wood in most angiosperms is called tension wood as it generates strong tensile stress on the upper side of a leaning stem and acts like a guy-rope bending the stem upward. Recently, phloem has been found to provide another mechanism in some tree species (Clair et al 2019;Lehnebach et al 2019), replacing or acting together with tension wood (Ghislain et al 2019, in press).…”