Mechanical, structural and tribological properties of titanium nitrided by a pulsed laser

Ettaqi, Saïd; Hays, V. W.; Hantzpergue, J. J.; Saindrenan, G.; Remy, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(97)00664-6

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Xue et.al [42,76] measured a hardness of 13 GPa for coatings synthesized at ms -pulse mode. The results of Ettaqi et.al [73] show a hardness of about 1700HV0.2 (~) which is close to the results of Santos et.al [72] who measured a value of 1600HV0.2 (~). Mori et.al [48] determined a hardness of 14 GPa at his cw-mode coatings.…”

Section: Microhardness Measurementssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Very important is the alignment of the dendrites resulting from temperature gradients and the observation of convective effects on the transport mechanism and the coating properties. Ettaqui et.al [73] carried out experiments using 3 ms pulses at 50 Hz. His coatings contain undirected TiN dendrites up to a depth of 50 microns.…”

Section: Surfaces -And Coating Morphology -Ns -Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their diffraction pattern also shows just TiN and alpha titanium. Experiments on ms -pulse mode produced TiN have been carried out by Ettaqui and Xue et.al [42,73,76]. Ettaqui shows the development of cubic TiN and a small content of hexagonal alpha-titanium nitride (TIN 0.3 ).…”

Section: Microhardness Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser nitriding: investigations on the model system TiN. A review

Höche

Schaaf

2010

Heat Mass Transfer

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Nitriding is a well known technique to improve properties of materials. The process utilizing laser contains many different processes like heat transport and melting effects, diffusion and convection, which partially determine the synthesized coatings. This review concludes the research on titanium nitride synthesis in reactive ambient and draws conclusions for the general handling of the method. Afterwards, it becomes clear which and why, transport processes limit the coating properties. IntroductionHard material systems such as titanium nitride play an important role within the field of material sciences and industrial applications. In particular wear and corrosion protection are based on such systems. Beside the classical manufacturing procedures such as PVD or CVD, the method of the direct laser synthesis in a reactive gas environment, as examined here, represents an alternative to the production of such coatings. This review discusses the synthesis of such functional coatings on the system titanium -nitrogen by different laser irradiation based on own results respectively the literature and tries to give a general overview of the physical respectively transport processes taking place. Thus, experiments from the last three decades using similar experimental setups will be compared and discussed. Due to the availability of data of investigations utilizing titanium and nitrogen, this system was taken as a general model. After a discussion of several different experimental analyses and modelling results, the treatments get parameterized. This results in large potentials for technical applications. Finally, general conditions for the synthesis of such coatings with this procedure were set up. By means of these results it is possible to achieve purposefully predefined layer characteristics. The review concludes the most important publications containing research about this process. Thus, it could be assumed to be a reference in relation to laser nitriding or -carburizing. [4] or also hybrid procedures. A further alternative and very simple method is the direct lasers synthesis. The material is placed in a reactive gas environment and will be irradiated with laser light. Due to the developing physical and chemical effects coatings are synthesized, which possess special treatment dependent characteristics. Carburizing, nitro carburizing and/or nitriding are to most common methods from this field of processes. The method of nitriding particularly assists the improvement of tribological properties of surfaces. The surface hardness gets increased, whereby the wear resistance rises. Furthermore, these coatings are usually very non-reactive, which leads to an increase in corrosion protection. In the following the method will be studied more exactly and will be explained. Quantifying of the processes gets an important aim of the work. Arising phenomena will also be modelled. To do these investigations, the model titanium nitrogen has been used. It is a well known and often used system, and has been investigated ...

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Section: Microhardness Measurementssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Surfaces -And Coating Morphology -Ns -Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser nitriding: investigations on the model system TiN. A review

Höche

Schaaf

2010

Heat Mass Transfer

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“…The synthesis of surface alloys by laser irradiation is a high performance process to improve resistance against corrosion [1][2][3][4][5] and to harden the surface of metals [6][7][8][9][10][11] such as titanium. This treatment is generally achieved by using a continuous wave laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and hardness of titanium surfaces carburized by pulsed laser melting with graphite addition

Courant¹,

Hantzpergue

Avril

et al. 2005

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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To cite this version:Bruno Courant, Jean-Jacques Hantzpergue, Ludovic Avril, Stéphane Benayoun. Structure and hardness of titanium surfaces carburized by pulsed laser melting with graphite addition. Titanium foils coated with graphite films 20 m thick were irradiated by means of a pulsed Nd-YAG in order to harden this metal by surface melting and alloying. The relationships between irradiation parameters, microstructure and hardness of the synthesized composite coatings were determined. Four relevant parameters were defined as governing the irradiation processes. The parametric working field of the laser source was investigated next to its periphery. The influences of the relevant irradiation parameters on the microstructure and hardness of the melted zone were deduced from the metallographic analyses and Vickers micro-indentation tests of the cross sections of this composite zone. Such a zone was constituted always with hard titanium carbide and ductile metallic titanium, some times with the presence of lubricating graphite inclusions. The main advantage of such a surface treatment of titanium is to synthesize, under clearly defined irradiation conditions, a self-lubricating composite coating that resists abrasive or adhesive wear.

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“…The coating substrate material contact zone should ensure, first of all, good adhesion, which can be attained by minimizing thermal stresses and identical character of coating and substrate bonding. The hard coatings made in the PVD processes increase significantly the abrasive wear resistance of materials covered with them [5,6]. Friction reduction, resulting from a lower friction coefficient of coatings alone, increases the economical benefits connected with using the products covered with the protective coatings [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%