Mechanical Ventilation of the Premature Neonate

Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Young Adults Born Preterm

“…Respiratory disease and the need for mechanical ventilation are major complications of preterm birth, 22,23 and given the close interaction between the pulmonary circulation and the right side of the heart, this observation is plausible. Extreme changes in intrathoracic pressure and lung volume can lead to greater right atrial pressure, with lower venous return and subsequent reductions in right ventricular preload and cardiac output.…”

Preeclampsia, prematurity and cardiovascular health in adult life

“…While respiratory distress or infection may lead to changes in the pulmonary vasculature sufficient to have a haemodynamic impact on the heart, mechanical ventilation may in itself negatively affect cardiac remodelling. The use of mechanical ventilation in neonates is known to increase survival and is considered as an essential clinical intervention for managing neonates born preterm with respiratory distress syndrome [49]. Despite these advantages, it is recognised that changes in pulmonary physiology induced by mechanical ventilation may have negative influences on normal cardiac function and lead to distinct changes in cardiac remodelling [50].…”

“…Respiratory disease and the need for ventilation are major complications of preterm birth [49,50]. While respiratory distress or infection may lead to changes in the pulmonary vasculature sufficient to have a haemodynamic impact on the heart, mechanical ventilation may in itself negatively affect cardiac remodelling.…”

Ventilating the Lungs Safely: What’s New for Infants and Children?

“…Both can be applied during invasive or non-invasive ventilation [46]. However, unlike PAV for which studies regarding the advantages of this technique in neonates and infants are still lacking, NAVA improves synchrony even in this small age group and has wider application in premature neonates and small infants [47,48].…”