Mechanically milled coal and magnesium composites for hydrogen storage

Magnesium based materials for hydrogen based energy storage: Past, present and future

“…The following parameters were varied during the course of these studies:  Type of the main starting component in the charge: individual Mg [44,45,98,99,175,[194][195][196][197], Mg alloys [175,[198][199][200][201][202][203], or MgH 2 [63,184,188,[203][204][205][206];  Catalytic additives (see present review);  Milling medium: inert gas (mostly, argon [45,98,99,187,194,206], less frequently N 2 [164,207,208] or He [199]), hydrogen [44,175,185,197], or organic liquid [164,209]. Sometimes the milling was carried out in vacuum [210] or even in air without any protective atmosphere [211,212].…”

Facile Fabrication of Biochar from Palm Kernel Shell Waste and Its Novel Application to Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage

“…Imamura et al [23][24][25], in a series of works, employed liquid organic milling aids (i.e., cyclohexane and benzene) and other carbon-containing solid materials [17,26,27] with dispersive properties to produce nanosized Mg/MgH 2 particles after long hours of high energy ball milling. However, carbon materials utilized as milling aids, lubricants, and dispersants are prepared by sophisticated production methods such as chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation, and plasma touch techniques.…”

Magnesium-based materials for hydrogen storage: Recent advances and future perspectives

“…Carbon has attracted considerable interests due to the observation that the hydrogen storage performance of Mg could be improved by adding graphite (G) [60][61][62][63][64] . Due to their high specific surface area and unique adsorbing properties, nanostructured carbons synthesized by hard templating method such as CMK-3 have been shown to have a high catalytic dispersion and activity [74] , and could be used for carrying nanoscale metal catalyst to be milled into MgH 2 .…”

“…The catalysts include transition metals [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] , metal oxides [46][47][48][49][50] , chemical compounds such as chlorides and inorganic compounds [51][52][53][54][55] , intermetallic compounds that can absorb hydrogen [56][57][58][59] , and carbon materials [60][61][62][63][64] . Why are catalysts necessary for Mg hydrogenation?…”