Mechanics of pendant drops and axisymmetric membranes

Opportunities and shortcomings of ionic liquids in single-drop microextraction

“…Thus, chemical modifiers, such as palladium nitrate [86,87] and magnesium nitrate/ammonium dihydrogen phosphate mixture [88], can be needed to stabilize the analyte in the atomizer at high temperatures. Furthermore, the high viscosity of some ILs, such as [P 14,6,6,6 ][Cl], can give rise to an inefficient introduction of the enriched IL into the graphite furnace [86]. Thus, in some cases, additional injection of methanol [86,88] or tetrahydrofuran [89] has been applied to introduce the analytes into the atomizer completely.…”

“…where m R is the external capillary radius,  is the interfacial tension,   is the density difference between the interior droplet phase and the exterior matrix phase, and g is the gravitational acceleration [14]. Drop volumes larger than m ax d V are not physically stable and, thus, result in droplet detachment.…”

The Influence of Viscosity on the Static and Dynamic Properties of PS-PEO Covered Emulsion Drops

“…There are several existing methods for measuring static properties of emulsion droplets such as the pendant drop method [11,12] and the micropipette aspiration method [13,14]. As useful as these techniques are for measuring emulsion droplets in ideal conditions, there are also some drawbacks.…”

An interface-analyzing technique to evaluate the heavy oil swelling in presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles

“…When two fluids are adjacent to each other, they would be separated by a layer, called interface [2][3][4][5]. The interface thickness is about the sum of several molecule diameters, and it has all the fluid phase characteristics [6].…”

“…Pendant drop is an IFT measurement approach; more precisely, in this method, a drop would be injected through a narrow needle [2][3][4], and it, interestingly, tends to form like a sphere to minimize its interface due to the interfacial and intermolecular forces [17].…”