Mechanics of the Pleural Space

Agostoni, Emilio

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp030330

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Liquid filters into the pleural space driven by Starling forces through the parietal pleura. The pressure differential across the visceral pleura is in favor of liquid absorption (Agostoni, 1972(Agostoni, , 1986(Agostoni, , 1991(Agostoni, , 1998Negrini, 1995;Miserocchi & Negrini, 1997). The transpleural pressures were such that short thin fibers that may be present in the lymphatic system in the lung would not be likely to drain into the pleural space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure: interim results

Bernstein¹,

Rogers²,

Sepulveda³

et al. 2010

Inhalation Toxicology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure: interim results

Bernstein¹,

Rogers²,

Sepulveda³

et al. 2010

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Compared to PSMs, the cells (PlMs) release prostaglandins E-1 and E-2 and respond differently to various cytokines (Sestini et al, 1984;Nagashima et al, 1987). Agostini et al (1972) suggested that PlMs may function as roller bearings that allow smooth movement between the parietal-and the visceral pleura. The PlMs seem to be functionally important in both health and disease (Zlotnik et al, 1982;Zlotnik and Crowle, 1982).…”

Section: Pleural Macrophages (Plms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Defences of the Lung: Comparative Perspectives

Maina¹

2012

Respiratory Diseases

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'Our lungs are highly complex organs that are exquisitely specialized for gas exchange and host defense.' Rawlins (2010) 1. Introduction General considerationsThe most important function of the lung is to acquire molecular oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. Except probably for the gastrointestinal system, no other organ in the body interacts with the external environment as constantly and as intimately as the respiratory system. For example, during a 24 hour period, at rest, the human lung is ventilated ~25,000 times with ~20,000 L of air (e.g. Burri, 1985; Brain, 1996), it has a respiratory surface area (RSA) of ~140 m 2 (about the size of a tennis court) which is located in the acini that lie no more than 40 to 50 cm from the external environment (air) (e.g. Weibel, 1984), and the thickness of the blood-gas (tissue) barrier (BGB) (harmonic mean thickness, ht) is 0.62 μm, a value about one-fiftieth of the thickness of a foolscap paper or that of a human head hair (Gehr et al., 1978(Gehr et al., , 1990a. By weight, each day, more than 20 kg of air enters and leaves the human body, a load that far exceeds that of food and water ingested during the same time period (Brain, 1996). Depending on the level of air pollution, different types and quantities of foreign particulates and microbial pathogens are inhaled. While large RSA and thin BGB increase gas exchange, the concomitant downside to these structural properties is that they make the lung a leading portal of entry and therefore attack by pathogenic micro-organisms, damage by allergens and particulates, and injury by noxious gases (e.g. Brain, , 1992Lambrecht et al. 2001;Garn et al., 2006). The inhaled particulates are deposited on the epithelial lining of the conducting airways and that of the peripheral air spaces where they are retained for various durations before they are removed or destroyed (e.g. Geiser et al., 1988; Gehr et al., 1990 a, b). Brain (1996) observed that 'the lung is unique in that the marriage between environment and lung disease is profound. The respiratory system threfore forms a huge challenge to the body's immune integrity (e.g. von Garnier and Nicod, 2009 , 1993;Schwartz, 1994;Brunekreef et al., 1995;Ware, 2000;Pope, 2000;Nemmar et al., 2002;Pope et al., 2002;Suwa et al., 2002;Schulz et al., 2005;Kaufman, 2010;Brook et al., 2010; van den Hooven et al., 2011;Kampfrath et al., 2011 gc.ca/ccdpc-cpcmc/crdmrc/facts_gen_e.html). According to the Canadian Lung Association (CLA), the economic burden of respiratory disease in the Country is ~3 billion ($US) dollars (http://www.bukisa.com/articles/455926_lung-health-occupational-healthincidence#ixzz1I4jwMvBX). Based on net changes in gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecasts, the estimated annual cost of SARS (Sudden Avian Respiratory Syndrome) in Asia exceeds 10 billion dollars ($US) (Lee and McKibbin, 2003;Fan, 2003;McKibbin and Sidorenko, 2006) and according to the World Bank's estimates, an influenza pandemic may result in a loss (expenditure) of 800 billion dollars ($US) (Brahm...

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“…It seems more likely that the subpleural arteries with two muscle layers are a modification to supply the numerous septa, which extend from the pleural connective tissue deep into the lung to supply tissues of the lung parenchyma. This may reflect differences in the pressure experienced in the pleural edge versus pressures within the parenchyma (Agostoni, 1972). However, as nothing is known about the physiology of respiration in the camel, the functional significance of these unusual pleural arteries could repay further investigation.…”

Section: The Pleural Curtain-this Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleural Curtain of the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Buzzell

Kinne

Tariq

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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The visceral pleura of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) possesses a fibrous curtain of pleural threads or extensions along its basal margins, which extends into the pleural cavity of the costophrenic recesses. These threads are lined by mesothelium and have a core or stroma, which is largely collagenous. Small threads are avascular and nearly acellular. In larger proximal threads, blood vessels in the stroma are often arranged in a branching network, with irregular endothelia surrounded by several incomplete basal laminae. Lymphocytes and other inflammatory cell types aggregate in the stroma near blood vessels. The threads are lined by typical mesothelium except in patches close to the main pleural surface. These patches consist of layers of loosely applied cells with numerous cellular processes and features suggestive of phagocytosis. The position of the pleural curtain in the costophrenic recess and the presence of possibly phagocytotic cells suggest that the pleural curtain stirs, samples, and cleans the pleural fluid. The pleural curtain appears to be a feature of camelids and has also been seen in giraffes. Anat Rec, 293:1776Rec, 293: -1786

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Mechanics of the Pleural Space

Cited by 63 publications

References 141 publications

The pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure: interim results

The pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure: interim results

Cellular Defences of the Lung: Comparative Perspectives

The Pleural Curtain of the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

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