Mechanics of unusual soft network materials with rotatable structural nodes

Liu, Jianxing; Yan, Dongjia; Zhang, Yihui

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2020.104210

Cited by 81 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In the previous introduction about Figure 2 i and Figure 6 b, the working mechanism and application of the Joule-heating actuator were mentioned, respectively. Various biomimetic soft structures and flexible electronic devices have become the research hotspots in the field of flexible electronics [ 109 , 110 ]. The main content in this section is the introduction of bio-inspired actuators.…”

Section: Application Of Ligmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Since it was reported in 2014, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has received growing attention for its fast speed, non-mask, and low-cost customizable preparation, and has shown its potential in the fields of wearable electronics and biological sensors that require high flexibility and versatility. Laser-induced graphene has been successfully prepared on various substrates with contents from various carbon sources, e.g., from organic films, plants, textiles, and papers. This paper reviews the recent progress on the state-of-the-art preparations and applications of LIG including mechanical sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, electrochemical sensors, electrophysiological sensors, heaters, and actuators. The achievements of LIG based devices for detecting diverse bio-signal, serving as monitoring human motions, energy storage, and heaters are highlighted here, referring to the advantages of LIG in flexible designability, excellent electrical conductivity, and diverse choice of substrates. Finally, we provide some perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities of LIG.

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Section: Application Of Ligmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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“…Here, the horseshoe microstructures composed of two identical arcs (arc angle ξ = 150°) render a higher stretchability during the biaxial stretching [37] that enable alignment of the liquid crystal molecular orientation. The horseshoe microstructures in the LCE metamaterial experience bending-dominated deformations [38,39] in the initial stage of biaxial stretching (below ≈36%), and undergo a transition into stretching-dominated mode after the horseshoe microstructures are fully straightened. At 120% biaxial stretching, the LCE metamaterial almost becomes a straight lattice material, and the maximum principal strain in a majority region of the horseshoe microstructure is in the range of [81%, 112%].…”

Section: Rational Design Of Lce Metamaterials To Offer Tunable Biaxial Actuation Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystal Elastomer Metamaterials with Giant Biaxial Thermal Shrinkage for Enhancing Skin Regeneration

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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excellent actuation performances (e.g., large reversible strain and fast response), LCEs have been widely exploited for applications in artificial muscles, [8,9] soft actuators, [10][11][12] and flexible robots. [13][14][15][16] Owing to the liquid crystalline anisotropy, [17][18][19] the solid LCE films only offer excellent uniaxial actuation performances (i.e., along the direction of the liquid crystalline alignment), which has been utilized to enable complex modes (e.g., bending, [20,21] rolling, [22] and twisting [23] ) of actuation. Compelling application opportunities (e.g., tissue regeneration, viscera repair, and artificial organs) would be opened up, if LCEs are equipped with comparable biaxial actuation capabilities (e.g., actuation strain > 40%). However, in conventional fabrication techniques, the alignment of solid LCE films is primarily achieved by molecular interactions with command surface, [24,25] external mechanical stretching, [14] or magnetic fields, [9,26] which could not be used to fabricate LCE films with high biaxial actuation strains (e.g., >10%). While the recently developed 3D printing technique [27][28][29] enables fabrication of LCE structures with predesigned alignments, the reported biaxial actuation strain (≈20%) is not high, due to limited mechanical performances (e.g., stretchability and strength) of 3D-printed LCE structures. So far, the development of LCE materials capable of offering excellent biaxial actuation Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of soft active materials of increasing interest, because of their excellent actuation and optical performances. While LCEs show biomimetic mechanical properties (e.g., elastic modulus and strength) that can be matched with those of soft biological tissues, their biointegrated applications have been rarely explored, in part, due to their high actuation temperatures (typically above 60 °C) and low biaxial actuation performances (e.g., actuation strain typically below 10%). Here, unique mechanics-guided designs and fabrication schemes of LCE metamaterials are developed that allow access to unprecedented biaxial actuation strain (−53%) and biaxial coefficient of thermal expansion (−33 125 ppm K −1 ), significantly surpassing those (e.g., −20% and −5950 ppm K −1 ) reported previously. A low-temperature synthesis method with use of optimized composition ratios enables LCE metamaterials to offer reasonably high actuation stresses/strains at a substantially reduced actuation temperature (46 °C). Such biocompatible LCE metamaterials are integrated with medical dressing to develop a breathable, shrinkable, hemostatic patch as a means of noninvasive treatment. In vivo animal experiments of skin repair with both round and cross-shaped wounds demonstrate advantages of the hemostatic patch over conventional strategies (e.g., medical dressing and suturing) in accelerating skin regeneration, while avoiding scar and keloid generation.

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“…Here, based on the mechanics-guided, deterministic 3D assembly (69-82), we introduce schemes of electromagnetic actuation and strategic structural designs to overcome the above limitations. The 3D assembly technique enables the integration of actuation components such as current-carrying metals (66) and magnetic materials (71) into small-scale 3D architectures to generate driving forces with portable magnets, as well as functional components ranging from silicons (67,68), commercial chips (83)(84)(85)(86), to piezoelectric ceramics/polymers (65,87,88). The design of low-rigidity structures guided by the finite element analysis (FEA) allows access to large deformations driven by those forces that are otherwise too small for conventional structures (89) at small sizes (e.g., <5 mm).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly deployable and morphable 3D mesostructures with applications in multimodal biomedical devices

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Structures that significantly and rapidly change their shapes and sizes upon external stimuli have widespread applications in a diversity of areas. The ability to miniaturize these deployable and morphable structures is essential for applications in fields that require high-spatial resolution or minimal invasiveness, such as biomechanics sensing, surgery, and biopsy. Despite intensive studies on the actuation mechanisms and material/structure strategies, it remains challenging to realize deployable and morphable structures in high-performance inorganic materials at small scales (e.g., several millimeters, comparable to the feature size of many biological tissues). The difficulty in integrating actuation materials increases as the size scales down, and many types of actuation forces become too small compared to the structure rigidity at millimeter scales. Here, we present schemes of electromagnetic actuation and design strategies to overcome this challenge, by exploiting the mechanics-guided three-dimensional (3D) assembly to enable integration of current-carrying metallic or magnetic films into millimeter-scale structures that generate controlled Lorentz forces or magnetic forces under an external magnetic field. Tailored designs guided by quantitative modeling and developed scaling laws allow formation of low-rigidity 3D architectures that deform significantly, reversibly, and rapidly by remotely controlled electromagnetic actuation. Reconfigurable mesostructures with multiple stable states can be also achieved, in which distinct 3D configurations are maintained after removal of the magnetic field. Demonstration of a functional device that combines the deep and shallow sensing for simultaneous measurements of thermal conductivities in bilayer films suggests the promising potential of the proposed strategy toward multimodal sensing of biomedical signals.

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Mechanics of unusual soft network materials with rotatable structural nodes

Cited by 81 publications

References 93 publications

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Liquid Crystal Elastomer Metamaterials with Giant Biaxial Thermal Shrinkage for Enhancing Skin Regeneration

Rapidly deployable and morphable 3D mesostructures with applications in multimodal biomedical devices

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