Mechanism and effects of fructose diphosphate on anti-hypoxia fatigue and learning memory ability

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which Fructose Diphosphate (FDP) causes the anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue effects, and improves learning and memory. Mice were divided into three groups: FDP-L，FDP-H and a control group. Acute toxic hypoxia induced by carbon monoxide, sodium nitrite and potassium cyanide, and acute cerebral ischemic hypoxia, were used to investigate the anti-hypoxia ability of FDP. The tests of rod-rotating, mouse-tail suspension and swimming endurance were used to explore the anti-fatigue effects of FDP. The Morris water maze experiment was used to determine the impact of FDP on learning and memory ability. Poisoning-induced hypoxic tests showed that mouse survival time was significantly prolonged in the FDP-L and FDP-H groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In the exhaustive swimming test, FDP significantly shortened struggling time and prolonged the time of weight-loaded swimming; the rod-rotating test showed that endurance time was significantly prolonged by using FDP (p < 0.05). FDP significantly decreased lactate and urea nitrogen levels, increased hepatic and muscle glycogen, and glucose transporter-4 and Na+-K+-ATPase (p < 0.05). To conclude, FDP enhances hypoxia tolerance and fatigue resistance and improves learning and memory ability through regulating glucose and energy metabolism.

The mechanism and effects of remdesivir‐induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish: Blood flow dysfunction and behavioral alterations

“…For example, zebrafish display behavioral and learning/memory impairments when exposed to hypoxia (Braga et al, 2013; Lee et al, 2018). Similar results have been observed in mice following hypoxic exposure, which exhibit changes in behavior and cognitive function (Bindra et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2020). Moreover, neurotoxicity can be induced by hypoxia in zebrafish.…”

Antifatigue Effect of Asiaticoside in Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress

“…The weight-loaded swimming test and rota-rod test are reliable methods widely utilized for detecting the degree of fatigue and physical strength in laboratory animals [27,28]. The current study found that the supplementation of asiaticoside could prolong the exhaustive swimming time and rotating time in the mice, in particular, a maximal effect was observed in the 20 mg/kg/d group.…”

Research on the Anti-fatigue Effect and Mechanism of Arecoline in Sleep Deprived-Induced Mouse Fatigue

“…Studies have shown that lack of sleep has significant effects on cardiovascular, endocrine, immune and nervous systems [23,24].Fatigue is a long-term or temporary state of physical or mental weakness and exhaustion, often accompanied by a lack of energy, motivation, and focus.The SD-induced fatigue model can mimic a state of fatigue induced by sleep deprivation and is used to screen the the candidate anti-fatigue active substances. Grip test, rod spinning test and weight exhaustion swimming tests were conducted in the current study, which are the classic behavioral paradigms for evaluating the fatigue-like behaviors and body strength of experimental animals [25,26]. The results of this study showed that after 14 days of chronic sleep deprivation, the grasping power, rod turning time and weight-bearing swimming time of mice were significantly reduced, indicating that the fatigue mouse model was successfully established.…”