Mechanism and effects of snow accumulations and controls by lightweight snow fences

Liu, Duote; Li, Yongle; Wang, Bin; Yan, Huang; Zhang, Jingyu

doi:10.1007/s40534-016-0115-5

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The upper-level wind was intensified around the top of the fence. These wind profile features were consistent with previous studies (Uematsu et al 1991;Liu et al 2016a, b). However, the eddies were generated successively from the leeward side of the fence and flowed downstream following the dominant wind flow, and the size and position of the eddies in the cross section varied irregularly over time (Fig.…”

Section: Two-dimensional Fence Experimentssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Han et al (2019) demonstrated that the LBM was three-fold faster than the finite volume method in 16-core parallel processing. The LBM has been applied to various fields, such as wind flow in the urban environment with 1 m resolution (Onodera et al 2013), canopy turbulence in neutrally stratified conditions (Watanabe et al 2020), flow in porous media (Liu et al 2016a;b), and flow in blood vessels (Zhang et al 2008;Bernasch et al 2009). In cryology, Wang et al (2006) simulated dynamic snowing scenes for various weather conditions and snow crystal types with LBM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a snowdrift model with the lattice Boltzmann method

Tanji

Inatsu

Okaze

2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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We developed a snowdrift model to evaluate the snowdrift height around snow fences, which are often installed along roads in snowy, windy locations. The model consisted of the conventional computational fluid dynamics solver that used the lattice Boltzmann method and a module for calculating the snow particles’ motion and accumulation. The calculation domain was a half channel with a flat free-slip boundary on the top and a non-slip boundary on the bottom, and an inflow with artificially generated turbulence from one side to the outlet side was imposed. In addition to the reference experiment with no fence, experiments were set up with a two-dimensional and a three-dimensional fence normal to the dominant wind direction in the channel center. The estimated wind flow over the two-dimensional fence was characterized by a swirling eddy in the cross section, whereas the wind flow in the three-dimensional fence experiment was horizontally diffluent with a dipole vortex pair on the leeward side of the fence. Almost all the snowdrift formed on the windward side of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional fences, although the snowdrift also formed along the split streaks on the leeward side of the three-dimensional fence. Our results suggested that the fence should be as long as possible to avoid snowdrifts on roads.

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Section: Two-dimensional Fence Experimentssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a snowdrift model with the lattice Boltzmann method

Tanji

Inatsu

Okaze

2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…Deposition resumed as in the no-fence case just downwind of the reattachment zone. These results are similar to those for numerical flow simulations examining deposition behind a snow fence, which projected regions of increased deposition immediately upwind and downwind of an impervious fence and a region of decreased deposition within the recirculation zone (Liu et al, 2016). The reduced Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering frontiersin.org Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering frontiersin.org 11 momentum in the blocking region upwind of the fence caused firebrands to deposit ahead of and within the fence (Figure 6ab).…”

Section: Particle Transport Simulationssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The substantial short-and medium-range spotting associated with the Woolsey Fire and the large number of structures destroyed prompted consideration of the use of vegetation fences to alter the flow near structures to induce firebrand deposition upwind of and reduce firebrand impingement on homes. This concept has been used successfully in other applications, such as protecting roads from drifting snow with upwind snow fences (Liu et al, 2016;Du et al, 2017) and reducing near-road pollution via vegetation fences (Tong et al, 2016). Conservation advocates have proposed revisions of existing defensible space guidelines to potentially include the scope for retaining some vegetation to serve as a barrier to wind and firebrand transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical investigation exploring the potential role of porous fencing in reducing firebrand impingement on homes

Atwood

Wagenbrenner

2022

Front. Mech. Eng.

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Firebrand impingement is a leading cause of home ignitions from wildland fire. The use of porous fencing has recently been proposed as a potential method for mitigating firebrand impingement on homes. A porous fence can act as a windbreak to alter the near-surface flow and induce particle deposition, as demonstrated in other applications, such as the use of snow fences to protect roadways from drifting snow. Conservation advocates have proposed the use of fire-resistant vegetation to act as a fence upwind of homes or subdivisions. Porous fences could also be constructed from fire-resistant materials such as metal, rock, or composites. This numerical investigation of the effectiveness of porous fencing to reduce firebrand impingement on homes conducted a series of experiments to explore the effect of porous fencing on the near-surface flow field and firebrand transport downwind of the fence. We also evaluated the sensitivity of the results to various fence, flow, and firebrand properties, including fence height, fence porosity, wind speed, firebrand source location, and firebrand size. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the concept of using a fence to induce firebrand deposition upwind of homes. Our results showed that porous fencing can reduce firebrand impingement on homes by up to 35% under certain conditions; however, fencing can also increase impingement on homes. The mitigation effectiveness depended on the proximity of the firebrand source, distance between the fence and home as a function of fence height, wind speed, and firebrand size. A series of key findings and recommendations are provided.

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“…Matsuzawa et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2008) and decreased road/railway safety (e.g. Naaim-Bouvet et al, 2002;Tabler, 2003;Liu et al, 2016). In addition to field measurements (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD simulation of snow transport over flat, uniformly rough, open terrain: Impact of physical and computational parameters

Kang

Zhou

Hooff

et al. 2018

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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In the past, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been successfully applied for the prediction of snow drift around buildings and on building roofs. A literature study indicates that a wide range of influential computational and physical parameters exist for snow drifting predictions in CFD, while the impact of these parameters is unclear, resulting in a lack of available CFD simulation guidelines. Therefore, this study presents a systematic and generic analysis with emphasis on the fundamentals of snow transport prediction techniques. Snow transport over flat, uniformly rough, open terrain, including snow saltation and snow suspension is successfully simulated using CFD and the results are compared to field measurements of snow concentrations for validation. This paper investigates the impact of grid resolution, falling velocity of snow, turbulent Schmidt number, threshold friction velocity of snow and turbulence model on the CFD simulation results. The results show that the falling velocity and the turbulent Schmidt number have largest impact. A slight change in the falling velocity or the turbulent Schmidt number significantly impacts the predicted snow concentration in the air. In addition, the turbulence model mainly affect the turbulent kinetic energy, another key factor that influences the numerical predictions of snow transport.

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Mechanism and effects of snow accumulations and controls by lightweight snow fences

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Development of a snowdrift model with the lattice Boltzmann method

Development of a snowdrift model with the lattice Boltzmann method

A numerical investigation exploring the potential role of porous fencing in reducing firebrand impingement on homes

CFD simulation of snow transport over flat, uniformly rough, open terrain: Impact of physical and computational parameters

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