Mechanism and practical application of homogeneous–heterogeneous hybrid catalysts in electrolytic system for high COD chemical waste acid treatment

A Novel Natural Iron-Rich Tourmaline Activated Bisulfite System for the Efficient Degradation of Aqueous Imidacloprid

“…Figure d showed the spectra of Fe 2p before the reaction, the peaks at binding energies of 710.19 eV, 723.35 eV were characteristic peaks of Fe 2+ , while the peaks at 712.74 eV and 725.54 eV could be attributed to the characteristic peaks of Fe 3+ . The peaks which exhibited binding energies of 715.64 and 719.03 eV were identified as the satellite peaks of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , respectively . These results suggested that iron in TML was composed of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ .…”

“…47 The peaks which exhibited binding energies of 715.64 and 719.03 eV were identified as the satellite peaks of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , respectively. 43 These results suggested that iron in TML was composed of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . Notably, the content of Fe 2+ was decreased from 53.82% to 41.9% after reaction.…”

“…As illustrated in Figure 1a, the diffraction peaks in both TML samples were high and narrow, which demonstrated the outstanding crystallinity of the natural TML. 41 The characteristic peaks of TML were observed at 2θ = 13.87°, 17.77°, 19.20°, 20.97°, 22.21°, 25.60°, 30.15°, 34.67°, and 44.23°corresponding to crystal planes (101), (021), (030), (211), (220), (012), (122), (051), and (152), respectively, 42,43 which were well in accordance with the standard schorl pattern (PDF #43-1464). TML belonged to the trigonal system, and the cell parameters were characterized by a = b ≠ c. The (101) and (030) crystal planes were employed to calculate the cell parameters a and c, respectively.…”