Mechanism and Prospect of Gastrodin in Osteoporosis, Bone Regeneration, and Osseointegration

Abstract

Gastrodin, a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, is widely used to treat vascular and neurological diseases. However, recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that gastrodin has anti-osteoporosis effects, and its mechanisms of action include its antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and anti-apoptotic effect. In addition, gastrodin has many unique advantages in promoting bone healing in tissue engineering, such as inducing high hydrophilicity in the material surface, its anti-inflammatory effect, and pro-vascular regeneration. Therefore, this paper summarized the effects and mechanisms of gastrodin on osteoporosis and bone regeneration in the current research. Here we propose an assumption that the use of gastrodin in the surface loading of oral implants may greatly promote the osseointegration of implants and increase the success rate of implants. In addition, we speculated on the potential mechanisms of gastrodin against osteoporosis, by affecting actin filament polymerization, renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and ferroptosis, and proposed that the potential combination of gastrodin with Mg2+, angiotensin type 2 receptor blockers or artemisinin may greatly inhibit osteoporosis. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for more in-depth research and application of gastrodin in the treatment of osteoporosis and implant osseointegration in the future.

Gastrodin improves osteoblast function and adhesion to titanium surface in a high glucose environment

“…Actin filaments at the leading edge of the cell forms lamellar and filamentous pseudopods, generating a force to propel cell migration [ 30 ]. While, the excess ROS can damage the function of actin filaments [ 9 , 31 , 32 ]. In this study, we found that the cells extended a large number of pseudopods while gastrodin acted as an antioxidant.…”

“…ROS inhibits proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast, and induces autophagy and apoptosis, ultimately leading to a decrease in osteogenesis [ 7 , 8 ]. In addition, ROS inhibits cell migration and adhesion by damaging the function of mitochondria and filaments in the cytoskeleton [ 9 ]. In the face of oxidative stress damage, the defense within the organism mainly includes antioxidant enzymes, supply of their substrates and repair of injury [ 10 ].…”

Recent Advances in Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Implications for Peptic Ulcer Management: A Comprehensive Review

“…H. pylori further disrupt the delicate balance by impairing the secretion of bicarbonate, a key component in neutralizing gastric acid. This impairment promotes increased acidity within the gastric environment, creating an ideal milieu for the development and progression of peptic ulcers 34 .…”

Ferroptosis: A Frontier in Osteoporosis

“…The study suggested that EPC-EVS could be a preventative measure against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice by hindering osteoblasts’ ferroptotic pathway. However, further analysis is necessary to understand ferroptosis mechanisms related to GIOP 75 76 77 .…”