Titanium
dioxide (TiO2) is a wide bandgap semiconductor
that has a wide range of applications including wastewater treatment,
photocatalysis, solar cells, and sensors owing to its excellent electronic
and optical properties. However, the wide bandgap of TiO2 (∼3.2 eV) along with the recombination processes of the photoexcited
charge carriers reduce its interfacial charge transport properties
and respective activities. Energetics, optical response, and corresponding
photophysics of excited charge carriers can be altered through doping
and codoping of TiO2 and composite formulation. Therefore, it is very crucial to understand the structure–property
and property-application relationships of doped, co-doped, and composite
TiO2 to maximize the efficiency and extend the fundamental
understanding for their applications in different fields. In this
Perspective, we summarize the ongoing research on the advancement
of undoped, doped, co-doped, and composite TiO2 including
their structure and morphology, energetics, and corresponding photophysics
relative to their applications in photocatalysis, wastewater treatment,
and water-splitting reactions. We then propose our perspectives on
the future potential of energetic manipulation of photocatalytic TiO2 to develop advanced and highly efficacious catalytic materials.