Mechanism for epeirogenic uplift of the Archean Dharwar craton, southern India as evidenced by orthogonal seismic reflection profiles

Mandal, Biswajit; Rao, V. Divakara; Karuppannan, P.; Laxminarayana, K.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-80965-7

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Flexural isostasy (effect of isostatic compensation) could also be another important factor responsible for the uplift in the region. Underplating is found to be the reason for intraplate uplifts in several parts of India, like Karnataka and Deccan plateaus, as well as different parts of the world, for example, the Colorado Plateau, Southern African Plateau, western margin of Yangtze craton China (Crough, 1979; Hu et al., 2018; Kailasam, 1979; Mandal, Vijaya Rao, Karuppannan, & Laxminarayana, 2021; McKenzie, 1984; Vijaya Rao & Damodara, 2022). It is further constrained by seismological and geochemical data, which suggest that lower crustal underplating is responsible for the uplift in the region (Karmalkar et al., 2008; Rao et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Seismic Reflection Imaging of Mesozoic Kachchh Rift, NW India: Implications for Evolution

Mandal,

Vijaya Rao,

Karuppannan

et al. 2023

Tectonics

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Deep crustal seismic reflection profiling is carried out for first time across various tectonic domains of seismically active Mesozoic Kachchh rift basin, formed during the breakup of Gondwanaland. The seismic data, processed using the common reflection surface stack approach, provided maiden images of the shallow and deep sub‐surface structures in the region. These images reveal a 15 km thick subhorizontal lower crustal reflection fabric and crustal‐scale domal‐type structure extending from the surface to the Moho. We interpret the earlier structure represent magmatic underplating and the latter as the Kachchh Mainland uplift. We find large variations in the thickness of sediments from 150 m to 6.5 km and crustal thickness from 45 to 35 km from north to south, with a Moho up warp of 4 km beneath the Kachchh Mainland fault. The Kachchh rift basin exhibits an unusually thick crust of 45 km, contrary to many rift basins. We interpret the syn‐rifting and the Reunion mantle plume activity, manifested as Deccan volcanics, are responsible for magmatic underplating and crustal thickening. Uplift in the region is multi‐genetic in origin. Present study illuminated new faults and nature of various other faults. Moderate to large earthquakes in the region are attributed to the regional and local stresses resulting from the plate boundary and heterogeneous crustal structure. Based on the mafic lower crust and distribution of aftershocks through the entire crust, we interpret the lower crust is brittle, contrary to most models of continental rheology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2018), Mandal, Vijaya Rao, Sarkar, et al. (2018), and Mandal, Vijaya Rao, Karuppannan, and Laxminarayana (2021)). In the CRS method, a precise velocity‐depth model is not essential to stack the multifold data, contrary to the CMP method.…”

Section: Present Seismic Reflection Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Seismic Reflection Imaging of Mesozoic Kachchh Rift, NW India: Implications for Evolution

Mandal,

Vijaya Rao,

Karuppannan

et al. 2023

Tectonics

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“…Recent studies have put forth various hypotheses regarding the formation of the Western Ghats. These include active rifting and extensional tectonics [23], igneous underplating [24], flexural isostatic adjustment of uplifted topography, later modified by tectonic and denudation processes [25], crust and mantle interactions during tectonic-magmatism associated with the Deccan volcanic provinces [26], and multistage rifting episodes [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal and Lithospheric Variations along the Western Passive Continental Margin of the Indian Peninsula

Prasad,

Dubey

2023

Glob. J. Earth Sci. Eng.

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The western passive continental margin (WPCM) of the Indian Peninsula is one of the world's largest and most remarkable escarpments, signifying a boundary between oceanic and continental lithospheres. It traverses distinct lithological units, majorly the SGT, WDC, and DVP, each characterized by distinct geological structures, geochronological histories, and petro-physical properties. Despite numerous research efforts, the exact mechanisms governing the WPCM evolution and its developmental connections remain unclear due to limited data and significant uncertainties. In our study, we meticulously analyzed global and local models, focusing on the Western Ghats (WG), to examine crust and lithosphere thickness. Our analysis revealed significant uncertainties in crustal and lithospheric variations, with a maximum difference of 10.68% in crust thickness and 20.04% in lithospheric thickness across different major lithological formations in the WG. These differences can have a substantial impact on the geodynamic analysis of lithospheric structures and tectonic evolution. Additionally, we developed a 2-D lithospheric density model over the WG, crossing the major geological units, which delineates the crust and lithospheric structure between the eastern and western sides of the escarpment. Our results, in conjunction with geomorphological data, suggest that the WPCM’s thick lithosphere with elevated topography illustrates a continuous upwarp, supported by flexural compensation of uplifted terrain. The movement of the Indian plate, primarily in the N-S and NW-SE directions, subsequently modified the entire escarpment. This model offers insights into the evolution of the WPCM and potentially contributes to the formation of the NE-SW fault in the southern part of the South Indian Shield, with potential implications for the Palghat gap.

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Seismic Structure of the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle of the Indian Shield: A Review

Kumar

Mandal

Kumar

2021

Journal of the Geological Society of India

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The article reviews the history and accomplishments of CSIR-NGRI over the past 60 years, related to elucidating the seismic structure of the crust and lithospheric mantle of the Indian shield. Extensive investigations have been carried out in diverse geological and tectonic provinces of India, employing seismic reflection, refraction/wide-angle reflection and passive seismology to decipher (a) the evolution of the Indian plate through geological time, (b) hazard and its mitigation and (c) accumulation and disposition of natural resources. These endeavours entailed the application and development of state-of-the-art methodologies. Synthesis of the results from active and passive seismology reveals that the thickness of the crust varies between 28 and 65 km in the Kachchh and Aravalli regions respectively, consistent with their evolutionary histories. The thickest crust is observed in the western Dharwar craton (WDC) and the shallowest lies in the west coast. The crust in the shield region is mostly thicker, while it is thin beneath the rift zones. Results from coincident reflection and wide-angle seismic reflection studies broadly suggest a three-layered crust with magmatic underplating. Interestingly, the seismic sections traversing the Aravalli fold belt, central Indian suture zone, Dharwar craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) depict paleo-collision and subduction environments. The diverse character of the Moho, crustal fabrics and structure in different geological provinces indicate that contrasting tectonic environments might have influenced their evolution and support the hypothesis that plate tectonic processes were operative since Neoarchean. The thickness of the lithosphere estimated from receiver functions varies from 80 to 140 km. An undulation in the Lithosphere Asthenosphere Boundary reveals evidence for a flexure on a regional scale, owing to the continental collision of the Indian and Asian plates. However, the lithospheric thickness derived from surface wave dispersion studies is somewhat larger, ranging from 100 to 250 km, with some body wave tomographic studies suggesting it to be ~400 km, in consonance with the concept of Tectosphere. The thickness values derived from both the methods agree at a few locales such as the Eastern Dharwar Craton, SGT, Cambay, Singhbhum and western DVP. However, a broad disagreement prevails in WDC and northern part of the Indian shield where surface wave tomography reveals the thickness of lithosphere to be 140 to 200 km.

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Mechanism for epeirogenic uplift of the Archean Dharwar craton, southern India as evidenced by orthogonal seismic reflection profiles

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Deep Seismic Reflection Imaging of Mesozoic Kachchh Rift, NW India: Implications for Evolution

Deep Seismic Reflection Imaging of Mesozoic Kachchh Rift, NW India: Implications for Evolution

Crustal and Lithospheric Variations along the Western Passive Continental Margin of the Indian Peninsula

Seismic Structure of the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle of the Indian Shield: A Review

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