“…In addition, alcohol-mediated redox change with decreased NAD + levels can interfere with the activities of various NAD + -dependent dehydrogenases in the mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction (Cederbaum, 2012b;Lieber, 1997). In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction can be observed in experimental rodents exposed to alcohol (Moon et al, 2006), MDMA (Moon, Upreti, et al, 2008), and acetaminophen (APAP) Abdelmegeed et al, 2010). Impaired mitochondrial function were also reported in pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes (Dey & Swaminathan, 2010;Paradies, Paradies, Ruggiero, & Petrosillo, 2014), and I/R injury (Moon, Hood, et al, 2008) as well as in patients who consumed alcohol (Addolorato et al, 1998;Fromenty et al, 1995;Witschi, Mossi, Meyer, Junker, & Lauterburg, 1994) and NAFLD/NASH patients (Caldwell et al, 1999;Kojima et al, 2007;Sanyal et al, 2001).…”