Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids as Anti-inflammatory Agents: A Review

Rathee, Permender; Chaudhary, Hema; Rathee, Sushila; Rathee, Dharmender; Kumar, Vikash; Kohli, Kanchan

doi:10.2174/187152809788681029

Cited by 395 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Saponins cause the leakage of proteins and degradation of cell wall enzymes (Zablotowicz et al, 1996). The presence of phenolic compounds (total phenols and flavonoids) provides pharmacological activities like anticancer (Lin et al, 2008), antioxidant (Khacha-ananda et al, 2013), antimicrobial (Hendra et al, 2011), woundhealing (Nayak and Pinto Pereira, 2006) and antiinflammatory activities (Rathee et al, 2009). Alkaloids were detected in the fruit extracts of M. cymbalaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical and HPTLC Studies on Fruit Extracts of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl, a Medicinally Important Plant

Shantakani

Devi

et al. 2017

Not Sci Biol

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Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step in the detection of bioactive principles present in medicinal plants, which subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, chief phyto-constituents of the Momordica cymbalaria were identified. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals was done by using three extraction methods: maceration, soxhlation and reflux with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. All the nine extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids that were obtained by the three extraction methods. The present work also attempted to optimize the HPTLC fingerprint profiles of secondary metabolites in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic fruit extracts of M. cymabalaria. Soxhlated methanolic fruit extract was rich in secondary compounds and exhibited more biological activity than the other extracts. Hence future study is needed to isolate potential bioactive principle from fruit extract of M. cymbalaria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical and HPTLC Studies on Fruit Extracts of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl, a Medicinally Important Plant

Shantakani

Devi

et al. 2017

Not Sci Biol

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“…This is a direct way to diminish the release of arachidonic acid by neutrophils and other immune cells. [53] The used dose of diclofenac sodium in this work was reported [25,26,54] and the results showed that diclofenac sodium enhanced the activity of liver enzymes. This finding suggests increased transmembrane transport of diclofenac sodium and metabolized it in the liver to 4-hydroxy diclofenac and other hydroxylated forms after glucoronidation and sulfation before being eliminated principally via urinary and biliary excretions, [55] where liver enzymes, especially, alkaline phosphatase, are involved in the absorption and transportation across canalicular membrane proteins.…”

Section: Screening Of Anti-inflammatory Activity Of Vicine and Divicinementioning

confidence: 81%

Anti-inflammatory effect of natural heterocycle glucoside vicine obtained from Vicia faba L. its aglucone (divicine) their effect on some oxidative stress biomarkers in Albino rats

Hussein

2012

Free Radicals and Antioxidants

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Background: Inflammation is typically characterized by increased permeability of endothelial tissue resulting in oedema. Much of pyrimidine derivatives have been highly useful for treating acute and self-limited inflammatory conditions. This study was performed to explore the acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory activity and biochemical effect of natural heterocycle pyrimidine glucoside vicine obtained from Vicia faba L. and its aglucone (divicine) and their effect on some oxidative stress biomarkers in Albino rats. Also, the anti-inflammatory effect of the tested compounds were compared with diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg bw). On the other hand, this article was extended to assess the impact of a very high dose of diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg bw) on liver enzymes, which was used by many authors to explain the negative effects of diclofenac when used at this dose as a standard anti-inflammatory drug. Methods: The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) and histopathological effects of vicine and divicine was determined in order to assess their safety. Also, the inflammatory effect of the tested compounds was examined at doses (50-200 mg/kg bw) in rats, using fresh egg albumin-induced oedema and compared with standard anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg bw). Finally, vicine and divicine treatment (50-200 mg/kg bw) was evaluated for 10 consecutive days prior in Albino rats in the serum levels of hepatic enzymes, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), super oxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). Results: Vicine and divicine were found to have an LD 50 of 2100 and 1950 mg/ kg bw orally, respectively and a significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity with the highest percentage inhibition (59.56%) and (45.65%) for vicine and divicine, respectively, at 150 mg/kg against the fresh egg albumin-induced oedema in rats after 180 min. Also, the standard anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg) showed 100% inhibition against the fresh egg albumin-induced oedema in rats after 180 minutes. In addition, administration of vicine and divicine orally to the rats at doses of 50-200 mg/kg bw for 10 days showed non-significant changes in liver enzymes and serum TBARs as compared with the control group. But administration of diclofenac sodium orally at a concentration of 100 mg/kg bw daily for 10 consecutive days to rats showed significant increase in liver enzymes and serum TBARs and significant decrease in blood GSH, SOD and GPx. Histopathology of the rat liver morphology of all the treated groups showed no disorder except for the photomicrograph of the cross section of liver from rats treated with diclofenac sodium 100 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, shows pronounced dilatation of the hepatic portal vein. Conclusion: The observation allows conclusion that vicine and divici...

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“…The flavonoids are naturally occurring plant polyphenols found in abundance in fruits and vegetables, and they are considered as a promising source for drug development, as they have been implicated as beneficial agents in a multitude of disease states [8], such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory [12,13]. What is more, most flavonoids show suppressive effects on adipogenesis [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Anti-oxidant Activity and Hypolipemic Mechanism of Aloes Flavonoids in Mice

Li¹,

Kehui²,

Jiaoying³

et al. 2014

JFNR

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Aloe flavonoids exhibit various biological activities. The aim of this study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant activity and the hypolipemic mechanism of aloe flavonoids in mice. 80 hyperlipidemic mice were divided into 5 groups, each group was oral administrated with water, 4 mg/kg·BW simvastatin, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg·BW aloe flavonoids per day, respectively. Meanwhile, 16 normal mice were used as blank control, and oral administrated with water per day. After 8 weeks intervention, the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the adipose and liver tissues were evaluated. Also, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferator-actived receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), adipose triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes expressions in the two tissues were detected by Q-PCR. The results showed that aloe flavonoids could decrease the TC, TG levels in the adipose and liver, while the levels of T-AOC, CAT, GSH-Px were significanly increased when compared to the control group. After treating with aloe flavonoids, the gene expressions of HSL, PPARγ and ATGL expression enhanced, but the gene expression of FAS decreased when compared to the control group. In conclusion, our data showed that aloe flavonoids have potent hypolipemic and antioxidant activities.

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Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids as Anti-inflammatory Agents: A Review

Cited by 395 publications

References 40 publications

Phytochemical and HPTLC Studies on Fruit Extracts of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl, a Medicinally Important Plant

Phytochemical and HPTLC Studies on Fruit Extracts of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl, a Medicinally Important Plant

Anti-inflammatory effect of natural heterocycle glucoside vicine obtained from Vicia faba L. its aglucone (divicine) their effect on some oxidative stress biomarkers in Albino rats

Research on Anti-oxidant Activity and Hypolipemic Mechanism of Aloes Flavonoids in Mice

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